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CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制) — Vulnerability Class 315

315 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-73 represents a critical input validation weakness where applications allow external actors to dictate file system paths, potentially leading to unauthorized access or modification of sensitive data. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability through path traversal techniques, injecting sequences like “../” to escape intended directories and reach critical system files or application configurations. This manipulation occurs when software fails to sanitize user-supplied input before using it in filesystem operations, allowing the attacker to bypass intended access controls. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation, ensuring that all file paths are strictly checked against a whitelist of allowed directories. Additionally, using canonicalization functions to resolve paths before comparison and employing chroot jails can effectively isolate file access, thereby preventing attackers from navigating outside the designated application sandbox.

MITRE CWE Description
The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations. This could allow an attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are critical to the application. Path manipulation errors occur when the following two conditions are met: 1. An attacker can specify a path used in an operation on the filesystem. 2. By specifying the resource, the attacker gains a capability that would not otherwise be permitted. For example, the program may give the attacker the ability to overwrite the specified file or run with a configuration controlled by the attacker.
Common Consequences (3)
Integrity, ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories, Modify Files or Directories
The application can operate on unexpected files. Confidentiality is violated when the targeted filename is not directly readable by the attacker.
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityModify Files or Directories, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The application can operate on unexpected files. This may violate integrity if the filename is written to, or if the filename is for a program or other form of executable code.
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, DoS: Resource Consumption (Other)
The application can operate on unexpected files. Availability can be violated if the attacker specifies an unexpected file that the application modifies. Availability can also be affected if the attacker specifies a filename for a large file, or points to a special device or a file that does not hav…
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and DesignWhen the set of filenames is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames, and reject all other inputs. For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap provide this capability.
Architecture and Design, OperationRun your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict all access to files within a particular directory. Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection. This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the oper…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Effectiveness: High
ImplementationUse a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59).
Examples (2)
The following code uses input from an HTTP request to create a file name. The programmer has not considered the possibility that an attacker could provide a file name such as "../../tomcat/conf/server.xml", which causes the application to delete one of its own configuration files (CWE-22).
String rName = request.getParameter("reportName"); File rFile = new File("/usr/local/apfr/reports/" + rName); ... rFile.delete();
Bad · Java
The following code uses input from a configuration file to determine which file to open and echo back to the user. If the program runs with privileges and malicious users can change the configuration file, they can use the program to read any file on the system that ends with the extension .txt.
fis = new FileInputStream(cfg.getProperty("sub")+".txt"); amt = fis.read(arr); out.println(arr);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2021-4472 Python-mistralclient: mistral-dashboard: local file inclusion through the 'create workbook' feature — Red Hat OpenStack Platform 13 (Queens) 6.5 Medium2025-11-26
CVE-2025-66257 Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion (patch_contents.php) — Mozart FM Transmitter 6.5AIMediumAI2025-11-26
CVE-2025-66254 Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion (upgrade_contents.php) — Mozart FM Transmitter 8.1AIHighAI2025-11-26
CVE-2025-13380 AI Engine for WordPress: ChatGPT, GPT Content Generator <= 1.0.1 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Arbitrary File Read — AI Engine for WordPress: ChatGPT, GPT Content Generator 6.5 Medium2025-11-25
CVE-2025-30201 Wazuh NetNTLMv2 Hash Theft In Multiple Centralized Configuration Capabilities — wazuh 7.7 High2025-11-21
CVE-2025-11973 简数采集器 <= 2.6.3 - Authenticated (Admin+) Arbitrary File Read — 简数采集器 4.9 Medium2025-11-21
CVE-2025-13322 WP AUDIO GALLERY <= 2.0 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion via 'audio_upload' Parameter — WP AUDIO GALLERY 8.1 High2025-11-21
CVE-2025-64739 Zoom Clients - External Control of File Name or Path — Zoom Clients 4.3 Medium2025-11-13
CVE-2025-64738 Zoom Workplace for macOS - External Control of File Name or Path — Zoom Workplace for macOS 5.0 Medium2025-11-13
CVE-2022-4983 TEC-IT TBarCode SDK 11.15 Remote File Create — TEC-IT TBarCode 9.0 -2025-11-12
CVE-2025-59511 Windows WLAN Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1809 7.8 High2025-11-11
CVE-2025-8998 AXIS OS 安全漏洞 — AXIS OS 3.1 Low2025-11-11
CVE-2025-11451 Auto Amazon Links – Amazon Associates Affiliate Plugin <= 5.4.3 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read — Auto Amazon Links – Amazon Associates Affiliate Plugin 7.5 High2025-11-11
CVE-2025-12915 70mai X200 Init Script file inclusion — X200 6.4 Medium2025-11-08
CVE-2025-64486 calibre is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution when opening FB2 files — calibre 7.8 -2025-11-07
CVE-2025-12137 Import WP – Export and Import CSV and XML files to WordPress <= 2.14.16 - Authenticated (Admin+) Arbitrary File Read — Import WP – Export and Import CSV and XML files to WordPress 4.9 Medium2025-11-01
CVE-2020-36868 Nagios XI < 5.7.3 Privilege escalation via Insecure getprofile.sh Script — XI 7.8AIHighAI2025-10-30
CVE-2025-62611 aiomysql allows arbitrary access to client files through vulnerability of a malicious MySQL server — aiomysql 7.5AIHighAI2025-10-22
CVE-2025-8050 External Control of File vulnerability has been discovered in opentext Flipper. — Flipper 6.5AIMediumAI2025-10-21
CVE-2025-8048 External Control of File path vulnerability has been discovered on Openext Flipper. — Flipper 6.5AIMediumAI2025-10-20
CVE-2025-11738 Media Library Assistant <= 3.29 - Unauthenticated Limited File Read — Media Library Assistant 5.3 Medium2025-10-18
CVE-2025-62382 Frigate Vulnerable to Arbitrary File Read via Export Thumbnail "image_path" parameter — frigate 7.7 High2025-10-15
CVE-2025-59483 BIG-IP Configuration utility and tmsh vulnerability — BIG-IP 6.5 Medium2025-10-15
CVE-2025-59244 NTLM Hash Disclosure Spoofing Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1507 6.5 Medium2025-10-14
CVE-2025-59292 Azure Compute Gallery Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Azure Compute Gallery 8.2 High2025-10-14
CVE-2025-59291 Confidential Azure Container Instances Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Azure Compute Gallery 8.2 High2025-10-14
CVE-2025-59185 NTLM Hash Disclosure Spoofing Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1507 6.5 Medium2025-10-14
CVE-2025-10494 Motors – Car Dealership & Classified Listings Plugin <= 1.4.89 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion — Motors – Car Dealership & Classified Listings Plugin 8.1 High2025-10-08
CVE-2025-10306 Backup Bolt <= 1.4.1 - Authenticated (Admin+) Arbitrary File Download — Backup Bolt 3.8 Low2025-10-03
CVE-2025-6237 Path Traversal and Arbitrary File Deletion in invoke-ai/invokeai — invoke-ai/invokeai 9.8AICriticalAI2025-09-18

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制) represent 315 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.