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CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制) — Vulnerability Class 315

315 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-73 represents a critical input validation weakness where applications allow external actors to dictate file system paths, potentially leading to unauthorized access or modification of sensitive data. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability through path traversal techniques, injecting sequences like “../” to escape intended directories and reach critical system files or application configurations. This manipulation occurs when software fails to sanitize user-supplied input before using it in filesystem operations, allowing the attacker to bypass intended access controls. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation, ensuring that all file paths are strictly checked against a whitelist of allowed directories. Additionally, using canonicalization functions to resolve paths before comparison and employing chroot jails can effectively isolate file access, thereby preventing attackers from navigating outside the designated application sandbox.

MITRE CWE Description
The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations. This could allow an attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are critical to the application. Path manipulation errors occur when the following two conditions are met: 1. An attacker can specify a path used in an operation on the filesystem. 2. By specifying the resource, the attacker gains a capability that would not otherwise be permitted. For example, the program may give the attacker the ability to overwrite the specified file or run with a configuration controlled by the attacker.
Common Consequences (3)
Integrity, ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories, Modify Files or Directories
The application can operate on unexpected files. Confidentiality is violated when the targeted filename is not directly readable by the attacker.
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityModify Files or Directories, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The application can operate on unexpected files. This may violate integrity if the filename is written to, or if the filename is for a program or other form of executable code.
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, DoS: Resource Consumption (Other)
The application can operate on unexpected files. Availability can be violated if the attacker specifies an unexpected file that the application modifies. Availability can also be affected if the attacker specifies a filename for a large file, or points to a special device or a file that does not hav…
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and DesignWhen the set of filenames is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames, and reject all other inputs. For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap provide this capability.
Architecture and Design, OperationRun your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict all access to files within a particular directory. Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection. This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the oper…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Effectiveness: High
ImplementationUse a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59).
Examples (2)
The following code uses input from an HTTP request to create a file name. The programmer has not considered the possibility that an attacker could provide a file name such as "../../tomcat/conf/server.xml", which causes the application to delete one of its own configuration files (CWE-22).
String rName = request.getParameter("reportName"); File rFile = new File("/usr/local/apfr/reports/" + rName); ... rFile.delete();
Bad · Java
The following code uses input from a configuration file to determine which file to open and echo back to the user. If the program runs with privileges and malicious users can change the configuration file, they can use the program to read any file on the system that ends with the extension .txt.
fis = new FileInputStream(cfg.getProperty("sub")+".txt"); amt = fis.read(arr); out.println(arr);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2025-24054 NTLM Hash Disclosure Spoofing Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1507 6.5 Medium2025-03-11
CVE-2025-24996 NTLM Hash Disclosure Spoofing Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1507 6.5 Medium2025-03-11
CVE-2024-12036 CS Framework <= 7.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Read — CS Framework 7.5 High2025-03-07
CVE-2024-51961 Local file inclusion (LFI) vulnerability in ArcGIS Server — ArcGIS Server 7.5 High2025-03-03
CVE-2025-1730 Simple Download Counter <= 2.0 - Authenticated (Author+) Arbitrary File Read — Simple Download Counter 6.5 Medium2025-03-01
CVE-2025-1686 Pebble 安全漏洞 — io.pebbletemplates:pebble 6.8 Medium2025-02-27
CVE-2025-27137 Dependency-Track vulnerable to local file inclusion via custom notification templates — dependency-track 4.4 Medium2025-02-24
CVE-2024-22341 IBM Watson Query on Cloud Pak for Data information disclosure — Watson Query on Cloud Pak for Data 5.3 Medium2025-02-22
CVE-2024-47265 Synology Active Backup for Business 路径遍历漏洞 — Active Backup for Business 6.5 Medium2025-02-13
CVE-2025-0111 PAN-OS: Authenticated File Read Vulnerability in the Management Web Interface — Cloud NGFW 6.5 -2025-02-12
CVE-2025-0109 PAN-OS: Unauthenticated File Deletion Vulnerability on the Management Web Interface — Cloud NGFW 9.1 -2025-02-12
CVE-2025-21377 NTLM Hash Disclosure Spoofing Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1507 6.5 Medium2025-02-11
CVE-2024-12058 Ivanti Connect Secure和Ivanti Policy Secure 安全漏洞 — Connect Secure 6.8 Medium2025-02-11
CVE-2025-0630 Western Telematic Inc NPS Series, DSM Series, CPM Series External Control of File Name or Path — Network Power Switch (NPS Series) 6.5 Medium2025-02-04
CVE-2024-12267 Drag and Drop Multiple File Upload – Contact Form 7 <= 1.3.8.5 - Limited Arbitrary File Deletion — Drag and Drop Multiple File Upload for Contact Form 7 5.3 Medium2025-01-31
CVE-2024-12861 W2S – Migrate WooCommerce to Shopify <= 1.2.1 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Read — W2S – Migrate WooCommerce to Shopify 6.5 Medium2025-01-30
CVE-2025-0105 Expedition: Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — Cloud NGFW 10.0 -2025-01-11
CVE-2025-0211 Campcodes School Faculty Scheduling System index.php file inclusion — School Faculty Scheduling System 6.3 Medium2025-01-04
CVE-2025-0202 TCS BaNCS REPORTS_SHOW_FILE.jsp file inclusion — BaNCS 5.5 Medium2025-01-04
CVE-2024-12875 Easy Digital Downloads <= 3.3.2 - Authenticated (Admin+) Arbitrary File Download — Easy Digital Downloads – eCommerce Payments and Subscriptions made easy 4.9 Medium2024-12-21
CVE-2024-12066 SMSA Shipping(official) <= 2.3 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion — SMSA Shipping (official) 8.8 High2024-12-21
CVE-2024-4230 Edgecross Basic Software 安全漏洞 — Edgecross Basic Software for Windows 7.8 High2024-12-19
CVE-2024-11838 Local File Inclusion — PlexTrac 9.8 -2024-12-13
CVE-2024-12357 SourceCodester Best House Rental Management System index.php file inclusion — Best House Rental Management System 4.3 Medium2024-12-09
CVE-2024-10492 Keycloak-quarkus-server: keycloak path trasversal 4.9 -2024-11-25
CVE-2024-43451 NTLM Hash Disclosure Spoofing Vulnerability — Windows Server 2025 6.5 Medium2024-11-12
CVE-2024-10672 Multiple Page Generator Plugin – MPG <= 4.0.2 - Authenticated (Editor+) Directory Traversal to Limited File Deletion — Multiple Page Generator Plugin – MPG 2.7 Low2024-11-12
CVE-2023-5816 Code Explorer <= 1.4.5 - Authenticated (Admin+) External File Reading — Code Explorer 4.9 Medium2024-10-30
CVE-2024-5823 File Overwrite Vulnerability in gaizhenbiao/chuanhuchatgpt — gaizhenbiao/chuanhuchatgpt 9.1AICriticalAI2024-10-29
CVE-2024-38029 Microsoft OpenSSH for Windows Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) 7.5 High2024-10-08

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制) represent 315 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.