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CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制) — Vulnerability Class 315

315 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-73 represents a critical input validation weakness where applications allow external actors to dictate file system paths, potentially leading to unauthorized access or modification of sensitive data. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability through path traversal techniques, injecting sequences like “../” to escape intended directories and reach critical system files or application configurations. This manipulation occurs when software fails to sanitize user-supplied input before using it in filesystem operations, allowing the attacker to bypass intended access controls. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation, ensuring that all file paths are strictly checked against a whitelist of allowed directories. Additionally, using canonicalization functions to resolve paths before comparison and employing chroot jails can effectively isolate file access, thereby preventing attackers from navigating outside the designated application sandbox.

MITRE CWE Description
The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations. This could allow an attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are critical to the application. Path manipulation errors occur when the following two conditions are met: 1. An attacker can specify a path used in an operation on the filesystem. 2. By specifying the resource, the attacker gains a capability that would not otherwise be permitted. For example, the program may give the attacker the ability to overwrite the specified file or run with a configuration controlled by the attacker.
Common Consequences (3)
Integrity, ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories, Modify Files or Directories
The application can operate on unexpected files. Confidentiality is violated when the targeted filename is not directly readable by the attacker.
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityModify Files or Directories, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The application can operate on unexpected files. This may violate integrity if the filename is written to, or if the filename is for a program or other form of executable code.
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, DoS: Resource Consumption (Other)
The application can operate on unexpected files. Availability can be violated if the attacker specifies an unexpected file that the application modifies. Availability can also be affected if the attacker specifies a filename for a large file, or points to a special device or a file that does not hav…
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and DesignWhen the set of filenames is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames, and reject all other inputs. For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap provide this capability.
Architecture and Design, OperationRun your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict all access to files within a particular directory. Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection. This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the oper…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Effectiveness: High
ImplementationUse a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59).
Examples (2)
The following code uses input from an HTTP request to create a file name. The programmer has not considered the possibility that an attacker could provide a file name such as "../../tomcat/conf/server.xml", which causes the application to delete one of its own configuration files (CWE-22).
String rName = request.getParameter("reportName"); File rFile = new File("/usr/local/apfr/reports/" + rName); ... rFile.delete();
Bad · Java
The following code uses input from a configuration file to determine which file to open and echo back to the user. If the program runs with privileges and malicious users can change the configuration file, they can use the program to read any file on the system that ends with the extension .txt.
fis = new FileInputStream(cfg.getProperty("sub")+".txt"); amt = fis.read(arr); out.println(arr);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2026-41693 i18next-fs-backend: Path traversal via unsanitised lng/ns allows arbitrary file read/overwrite — i18next-fs-backend 8.2 High2026-05-08
CVE-2026-44127 Local File Inclusion (LFI) and Arbitrary File Deletion — Secure Email Gateway 9.1AICriticalAI2026-05-08
CVE-2026-7633 Totolink N300RH cstecgi.cgi setUploadSetting file inclusion — N300RH 6.5 Medium2026-05-02
CVE-2026-42424 OpenClaw < 2026.4.8 - Local File Exfiltration via Shared Reply MEDIA Paths — OpenClaw 5.7 Medium2026-04-28
CVE-2026-41177 Squidex has Blind SSRF via file:// Protocol in Restore API leading to Local File Interaction — squidex 5.5 Medium2026-04-22
CVE-2026-4132 HTTP Headers <= 1.19.2 - Authenticated (Administrator+) External Control of File Name or Path to RCE via 'hh_htpasswd_path' and 'hh_www_authenticate_user' Parameters — HTTP Headers 7.2 High2026-04-22
CVE-2026-41389 OpenClaw 2026.4.7 < 2026.4.15 - Arbitrary File Read via Unvalidated Tool-Result Media Paths — OpenClaw 5.8 Medium2026-04-20
CVE-2026-35465 SecureDrop Client has path injection in read_gzip_header_filename() — securedrop-client 7.5 High2026-04-18
CVE-2026-39907 Unisys WebPerfect Image Suite 3.0 NTLMv2 Hash Leakage via WCF SOAP — WebPerfect Image Suite 9.8 -2026-04-14
CVE-2026-5809 wpForo Forum <= 3.0.2 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion via 'data[body][fileurl]' Parameter — wpForo Forum 7.1 High2026-04-11
CVE-2026-5054 NoMachine External Control of File Path Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability — NoMachine 7.8AIHighAI2026-04-11
CVE-2026-5053 NoMachine External Control of File Path Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — NoMachine 7.1AIHighAI2026-04-11
CVE-2025-65115 Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in JP1/IT Desktop Management 2 and JP1/NETM/DM — JP1/IT Desktop Management 2 - Manager 8.8 High2026-04-07
CVE-2026-23898 Joomla! Core - [20260305] - Arbitrary file deletion in com_joomlaupdate — Joomla! CMS 9.1AICriticalAI2026-04-01
CVE-2026-5210 SourceCodester Leave Application System file inclusion — Leave Application System 7.3 High2026-03-31
CVE-2026-0965 Libssh: libssh: denial of service via improper configuration file handling — Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 5.5 -2026-03-26
CVE-2026-33354 AVideo has an authenticated arbitrary local file read via `chunkFile` path injection in `aVideoEncoder.json.php` — AVideo 7.6 High2026-03-23
CVE-2019-25618 AdminExpress 1.2.5 Denial of Service via System Compare — AdminExpress 6.2 Medium2026-03-22
CVE-2026-2351 Task Manager <= 3.0.2 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Read — Task Manager 6.5 Medium2026-03-21
CVE-2026-32749 SiYuan importSY/importZipMd: Path Traversal via multipart filename enables arbitrary file write — siyuan 7.6 High2026-03-19
CVE-2019-25472 IntelBras Telefone IP TIP200/200 LITE Arbitrary File Read via dumpConfigFile — Telefone IP TIP 200 7.5 High2026-03-11
CVE-2026-30903 Zoom Workplace 安全漏洞 — Zoom Workplace 9.6 Critical2026-03-11
CVE-2026-24287 Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1809 7.8 High2026-03-10
CVE-2026-25605 Siemens SICAM SIAPP SDK 安全漏洞 — SICAM SIAPP SDK 6.7 Medium2026-03-10
CVE-2026-25573 Siemens SICAM SIAPP SDK 安全漏洞 — SICAM SIAPP SDK 7.4 High2026-03-10
CVE-2026-29611 OpenClaw < 2026.2.14 - Local File Inclusion via mediaPath Parameter in BlueBubbles Media Handling — OpenClaw 7.5 High2026-03-05
CVE-2026-28459 OpenClaw < 2026.2.12 - Arbitrary File Write via Untrusted sessionFile Path — OpenClaw 7.1 High2026-03-05
CVE-2026-28442 ZimaOS: Arbitrary Deletion of Internal System Files via API Path Manipulation — ZimaOS 8.6 High2026-03-05
CVE-2026-28286 ZimaOS: Unauthorized Creation of Files/Folders in Restricted System Directories via API — ZimaOS 8.6 High2026-03-02
CVE-2026-27211 Cloud Hypervisor: Host File Exfiltration via QCOW Backing File Abuse — cloud-hypervisor 8.4AIHighAI2026-02-21

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制) represent 315 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.