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CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制) — Vulnerability Class 315

315 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-73 represents a critical input validation weakness where applications allow external actors to dictate file system paths, potentially leading to unauthorized access or modification of sensitive data. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability through path traversal techniques, injecting sequences like “../” to escape intended directories and reach critical system files or application configurations. This manipulation occurs when software fails to sanitize user-supplied input before using it in filesystem operations, allowing the attacker to bypass intended access controls. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation, ensuring that all file paths are strictly checked against a whitelist of allowed directories. Additionally, using canonicalization functions to resolve paths before comparison and employing chroot jails can effectively isolate file access, thereby preventing attackers from navigating outside the designated application sandbox.

MITRE CWE Description
The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations. This could allow an attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are critical to the application. Path manipulation errors occur when the following two conditions are met: 1. An attacker can specify a path used in an operation on the filesystem. 2. By specifying the resource, the attacker gains a capability that would not otherwise be permitted. For example, the program may give the attacker the ability to overwrite the specified file or run with a configuration controlled by the attacker.
Common Consequences (3)
Integrity, ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories, Modify Files or Directories
The application can operate on unexpected files. Confidentiality is violated when the targeted filename is not directly readable by the attacker.
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityModify Files or Directories, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The application can operate on unexpected files. This may violate integrity if the filename is written to, or if the filename is for a program or other form of executable code.
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, DoS: Resource Consumption (Other)
The application can operate on unexpected files. Availability can be violated if the attacker specifies an unexpected file that the application modifies. Availability can also be affected if the attacker specifies a filename for a large file, or points to a special device or a file that does not hav…
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and DesignWhen the set of filenames is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames, and reject all other inputs. For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap provide this capability.
Architecture and Design, OperationRun your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict all access to files within a particular directory. Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection. This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the oper…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Effectiveness: High
ImplementationUse a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59).
Examples (2)
The following code uses input from an HTTP request to create a file name. The programmer has not considered the possibility that an attacker could provide a file name such as "../../tomcat/conf/server.xml", which causes the application to delete one of its own configuration files (CWE-22).
String rName = request.getParameter("reportName"); File rFile = new File("/usr/local/apfr/reports/" + rName); ... rFile.delete();
Bad · Java
The following code uses input from a configuration file to determine which file to open and echo back to the user. If the program runs with privileges and malicious users can change the configuration file, they can use the program to read any file on the system that ends with the extension .txt.
fis = new FileInputStream(cfg.getProperty("sub")+".txt"); amt = fis.read(arr); out.println(arr);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2026-26975 Music Assistant Server Path Traversal in Playlist Update API Allows Remote Code Execution — server 8.8 High2026-02-20
CVE-2026-27008 OpenClaw hardened the skill download target directory validation — openclaw 7.7 -2026-02-19
CVE-2026-26360 Dell Unisphere for PowerMax 安全漏洞 — Unisphere for PowerMax 8.1 High2026-02-19
CVE-2026-26359 Dell Unisphere for PowerMax 安全漏洞 — Unisphere for PowerMax 8.8 High2026-02-19
CVE-2026-26361 Dell Unisphere for PowerMax 安全漏洞 — Unisphere for PowerMax 6.5 Medium2026-02-19
CVE-2026-1669 Arbitrary File Read in Keras via HDF5 External Datasets — Keras 7.5AIHighAI2026-02-11
CVE-2026-26158 Busybox: busybox: arbitrary file modification and privilege escalation via unvalidated tar archive entries — Red Hat Hardened Images 7.0 High2026-02-11
CVE-2026-26157 Busybox: busybox: arbitrary file overwrite and potential code execution via incomplete path sanitization — Red Hat Hardened Images 7.0 High2026-02-11
CVE-2026-21249 Windows NTLM Spoofing Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 3.3 Low2026-02-10
CVE-2026-25628 Qdrant affected by arbitrary file write via `/logger` endpoint — qdrant 8.6 High2026-02-06
CVE-2020-37078 i-doit Open Source CMDB 1.14.1 - Arbitrary File Deletion — i-doit Open Source CMDB 8.8 High2026-02-03
CVE-2020-37080 webTareas 2.0.p8 - Arbitrary File Deletion — webTareas 9.8 Critical2026-02-03
CVE-2024-5986 Remote Arbitrary File Write with Arbitrary Data in h2oai/h2o-3 — h2oai/h2o-3 9.8AICriticalAI2026-02-02
CVE-2026-23835 LobeHub Vulnerable to Improper Authorization in Presigned Upload — lobe-chat 6.5AIMediumAI2026-01-30
CVE-2021-47871 Hestia Control Panel 1.3.2 - Arbitrary File Write — Hestia Control Panel 8.8 High2026-01-21
CVE-2021-47746 NodeBB Plugin Emoji 3.2.1 - Arbitrary File Write — NodeBB Plugin Emoji 7.5 High2026-01-21
CVE-2025-53912 MedDream PACS Premium 安全漏洞 — MedDream PACS Premium 9.6 Critical2026-01-20
CVE-2026-23529 Arbitrary File Read in Google BigQuery Sink connector — bigquery-connector-for-apache-kafka 7.7 High2026-01-16
CVE-2026-20931 Windows Telephony Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 8.0 High2026-01-13
CVE-2026-20872 NTLM Hash Disclosure Spoofing Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 6.5 Medium2026-01-13
CVE-2026-20925 NTLM Hash Disclosure Spoofing Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 6.5 Medium2026-01-13
CVE-2025-66003 Local users can perform a local root exploit via smb4k mounthelper — smb4k 7.8 -2026-01-08
CVE-2025-14059 EmailKit <= 1.6.1 - Authenticated (Author+) Arbitrary File Read via Path Traversal — EmailKit – Email Customizer for WooCommerce & WP 6.5 Medium2026-01-07
CVE-2025-62842 HBS 3 Hybrid Backup Sync — HBS 3 Hybrid Backup Sync 7.3 -2026-01-02
CVE-2025-12654 Migration, Backup, Staging – WPvivid Backup & Migration <= 0.9.120 - Authenticated (Admin+) Arbitrary Directory Creation — WPvivid — Backup, Migration & Staging 2.7 Low2025-12-21
CVE-2025-68478 Langflow Vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path — langflow 7.1 High2025-12-19
CVE-2025-13320 WP User Manager <= 2.9.12 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion via 'current_user_avatar' Parameter — WP User Manager – User Profile Builder & Membership 6.8 Medium2025-12-12
CVE-2025-67461 Zoom Rooms for macOS - External Control of File Name or Path — Zoom Rooms 5.0 Medium2025-12-10
CVE-2020-36878 ReQuest Serious Play F3 Media Player <= 3.0.0 Directory Traversal File Disclosure — ReQuest Serious Play Media Player 7.5 -2025-12-05
CVE-2025-12529 Cost Calculator Builder <= 3.6.3 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion — Cost Calculator Builder 8.8 High2025-12-02

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制) represent 315 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.