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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3498

3498 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2025-50202 Lychee Path Traversal Vulnerability — Lychee 7.5 High2025-06-18
CVE-2025-49879 WordPress Litho theme <= 3.0 - Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — Litho 8.6 High2025-06-17
CVE-2025-49415 WordPress FW Gallery plugin <= 8.0.0 - Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — FW Gallery 8.6 High2025-06-17
CVE-2025-34508 ZendTo < 6.15-8 Path Traversal — ZendTo 6.3 Medium2025-06-17
CVE-2025-6020 Linux-pam: linux-pam directory traversal 7.8 High2025-06-17
CVE-2025-6167 themanojdesai python-a2a api.py create_workflow path traversal — python-a2a 5.5 Medium2025-06-17
CVE-2025-6166 frdel Agent-Zero image_get.py image_get path traversal — Agent-Zero 3.5 Low2025-06-17
CVE-2025-6152 Steel Browser files.routes.ts handleFileUpload path traversal — Browser 6.3 Medium2025-06-17
CVE-2025-32799 Conda-build Vulnerable to Path Traversal via Malicious Tar File — conda-build 9.8AICriticalAI2025-06-16
CVE-2025-3594 Liferay Portal和Liferay DXP 路径遍历漏洞 — Portal 9.8AICriticalAI2025-06-16
CVE-2025-4748 Absolute path traversal in zip:unzip/1,2 — OTP 9.1AICriticalAI2025-06-16
CVE-2025-6109 javahongxi whatsmars InitializrController.java initialize path traversal — whatsmars 4.3 Medium2025-06-16
CVE-2025-6108 hansonwang99 Spring-Boot-In-Action File Upload ImageUploadService.java watermarkTest path traversal — Spring-Boot-In-Action 6.3 Medium2025-06-16
CVE-2025-5964 Path traversal in M-Files API — M-Files Server 6.5AIMediumAI2025-06-15
CVE-2025-6070 Restrict File Access <= 1.1.2 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Read — Restrict File Access 6.5 Medium2025-06-14
CVE-2025-4187 UserPro - Community and User Profile WordPress Plugin <= 5.1.10 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read — UserPro - Community and User Profile WordPress Plugin 5.9 Medium2025-06-14
CVE-2025-6065 Image Resizer On The Fly <= 1.1 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion — Image Resizer On The Fly 9.1 Critical2025-06-14
CVE-2025-46783 RICOH Streamline NX V3 PC Client 路径遍历漏洞 — RICOH Streamline NX V3 PC Client 7.8AIHighAI2025-06-13
CVE-2025-40592 Mendix Studio Pro 路径遍历漏洞 — Mendix Studio Pro 10 6.1 Medium2025-06-12
CVE-2025-5741 Schneider Electric EVLink WallBox 路径遍历漏洞 — EVLink WallBox 4.9 Medium2025-06-10
CVE-2025-5740 Schneider Electric EVLink WallBox 路径遍历漏洞 — EVLink WallBox 7.2 High2025-06-10
CVE-2025-42977 Directory Traversal vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer — SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer 7.6 High2025-06-10
CVE-2025-49138 HAX CMS vulnerable to Local File Inclusion via saveOutline API Location Parameter — issues 6.5 Medium2025-06-09
CVE-2025-31050 WordPress Apptha Slider Gallery plugin <= 2.5 - Arbitrary File Read vulnerability — Apptha Slider Gallery 7.5 High2025-06-09
CVE-2025-31635 WordPress CLEVER plugin <= 2.6 - Arbitrary File Download Vulnerability — CLEVER 7.5 High2025-06-09
CVE-2025-39473 WordPress Seofy Core plugin <= 1.6.8 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability — Seofy Core 8.1 High2025-06-09
CVE-2025-47511 WordPress Welcart e-Commerce plugin <= 2.11.13 - Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — Welcart e-Commerce 6.8 Medium2025-06-09
CVE-2025-48124 WordPress Spreadsheet Price Changer for WooCommerce and WP E-commerce – Light plugin <= 2.4.37 - Arbitrary File Download Vulnerability — Spreadsheet Price Changer for WooCommerce and WP E-commerce – Light 7.5 High2025-06-09
CVE-2025-48130 WordPress Spice Blocks plugin <= 2.0.7.4 - Arbitrary File Download vulnerability — Spice Blocks 7.5 High2025-06-09
CVE-2025-48267 WordPress WP Pipes plugin <= 1.4.2 - Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — WP Pipes 8.6 High2025-06-09

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3498 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.