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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3496

3496 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2025-31053 WordPress KBx Pro Ultimate plugin < 8.0.5 - Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — KBx Pro Ultimate 7.7 High2025-05-23
CVE-2025-46486 WordPress Nomupay Payment Processing Gateway plugin <= 7.1.7 - Arbitrary File Download Vulnerability — Nomupay Payment Processing Gateway 4.9 Medium2025-05-23
CVE-2025-46527 WordPress Web3Press – Decentralize Publishing with Writing NFT plugin <= 3.2.0 - Arbitrary File Read vulnerability — Web3Press 6.5 Medium2025-05-23
CVE-2025-47492 WordPress Drag and Drop File Upload for Elementor Forms plugin <= 1.4.3 - Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — Drag and Drop File Upload for Elementor Forms 8.6 High2025-05-23
CVE-2025-47512 WordPress Tainacan plugin <= 0.21.14 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability — Tainacan 8.6 High2025-05-23
CVE-2025-47513 WordPress Infocob CRM Forms plugin <= 2.4.0 - Arbitrary File Download vulnerability — Infocob CRM Forms 4.9 Medium2025-05-23
CVE-2025-47535 WordPress Opal Woo Custom Product Variation plugin <= 1.2.0 - Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — Opal Woo Custom Product Variation 8.6 High2025-05-23
CVE-2025-47603 WordPress belingoGeo plugin <= 1.12.0 - Arbitrary File Download Vulnerability — belingoGeo 7.5 High2025-05-23
CVE-2025-48273 WordPress WP Job Portal plugin <= 2.3.2 - Arbitrary File Download Vulnerability — WP Job Portal 7.5 High2025-05-23
CVE-2025-4419 Hot Random Image <= 1.9.2 - Path Traversal to Authenticated (Contributor+) Limited Arbitrary Image Access via path Parameter — Hot Random Image 4.3 Medium2025-05-22
CVE-2025-3486 Allegra isZipEntryValide Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Allegra 8.8AIHighAI2025-05-22
CVE-2025-3884 Cloudera Hue Ace Editor Directory Traversal Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Hue 7.5AIHighAI2025-05-22
CVE-2025-5029 Kingdee Cloud Galaxy Private Cloud BBC System File deleteFileAction.jhtml path traversal — Cloud Galaxy Private Cloud BBC System 5.4 Medium2025-05-21
CVE-2025-4524 Madara – Responsive and modern WordPress theme for manga sites <= 2.2.2 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion — Madara – Responsive and modern WordPress theme for manga sites 9.8 Critical2025-05-21
CVE-2025-48017 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory — SEL-5056 Software-Defined Network Flow Controller 9.0 Critical2025-05-20
CVE-2025-41229 VMware Cloud Foundation Directory Traversal Vulnerability — Cloud Foundation 8.2 High2025-05-20
CVE-2025-3223 WorkstationST EGD Configuration Server Path Traversal Vulnerability — WorkstationST 5.9 Medium2025-05-19
CVE-2025-32926 WordPress Grand Restaurant WordPress theme <= 7.0 - Path Traversal to PHP Object Injection vulnerability — Grand Restaurant 9.8 Critical2025-05-19
CVE-2025-27566 appleple a-blog cms 路径遍历漏洞 — a-blog cms 3.8 Low2025-05-19
CVE-2025-4912 SourceCodester Student Result Management System Image File update_student.php path traversal — Student Result Management System 5.4 Medium2025-05-19
CVE-2025-4898 SourceCodester Student Result Management System Logo File update_system.php unlink path traversal — Student Result Management System 5.4 Medium2025-05-18
CVE-2025-4893 jammy928 CoinExchange_CryptoExchange_Java File Upload Endpoint UploadFileUtil.java uploadLocalImage path traversal — CoinExchange_CryptoExchange_Java 6.3 Medium2025-05-18
CVE-2025-4868 merikbest ecommerce-spring-reactjs File Upload Endpoint admin path traversal — ecommerce-spring-reactjs 6.3 Medium2025-05-18
CVE-2025-47273 setuptools has a path traversal vulnerability in PackageIndex.download that leads to Arbitrary File Write — setuptools 9.8AICriticalAI2025-05-17
CVE-2025-40629 Path Traversal vulnerability in PNETLab — PNETLab 7.5AIHighAI2025-05-16
CVE-2025-4720 SourceCodester Student Result Management System drop_student.php path traversal — Student Result Management System 5.4 Medium2025-05-15
CVE-2025-47788 Missing Path Validation Enables Path Traversal in Controller.php — Atheos 9.8AICriticalAI2025-05-15
CVE-2025-4564 TicketBAI Facturas para WooCommerce <= 3.18 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion — TicketBAI Facturas para WooCommerce 9.8 Critical2025-05-15
CVE-2024-13914 File Manager Advanced Shortcode <= Multiple Versions - Authenticated (Administrator+) Local JavaScript File Inclusion via Shortcode — File Manager Advanced Shortcode 7.2 High2025-05-15
CVE-2025-43566 ColdFusion | Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') (CWE-22) — ColdFusion 6.8 Medium2025-05-13

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3496 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.