Goal Reached Thanks to every supporter — we hit 100%!

Goal: 1000 CNY · Raised: 1110 CNY

100%
Buy Us a Coffee

CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3521

3521 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2024-4982 Pagure: path traversal in view_issue_raw_file() 7.6 High2025-05-12
CVE-2025-4545 CTCMS Content Management System File Tpl.php del path traversal — Content Management System 5.4 Medium2025-05-11
CVE-2025-4530 feng_ha_ha/megagao ssm-erp/production_ssm File FileController.java handleFileDownload path traversal — ssm-erp 4.3 Medium2025-05-11
CVE-2025-4529 Seeyon Zhiyuan OA Web Application System ZIP File M3CoreController.class download path traversal — Zhiyuan OA Web Application System 4.3 Medium2025-05-11
CVE-2025-4511 vector4wang spring-boot-quick quick-img2txt Img2TxtController.java ResponseEntity path traversal — spring-boot-quick 6.3 Medium2025-05-10
CVE-2025-2158 WordPress Review Plugin: The Ultimate Solution for Building a Review Website <= 5.3.5 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion via Post Custom Fields — WordPress Review Plugin: The Ultimate Solution for Building a Review Website 8.8 High2025-05-10
CVE-2025-3897 EUCookieLaw <= 2.7.2 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read — EUCookieLaw 5.9 Medium2025-05-09
CVE-2025-4206 WordPress CRM, Email & Marketing Automation for WordPress | Award Winner — Groundhogg <= 4.1.1.2 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary File Deletion — Groundhogg — CRM, Newsletters, and Marketing Automation 7.2 High2025-05-09
CVE-2025-4377 Path traversal vulnerability in Sparx Pro Cloud Server WebEA webconfig in logview.php — Pro Cloud Server 7.5AIHighAI2025-05-09
CVE-2024-6648 Path Traversal in AP Page Builder — AP Page Builder 7.5AIHighAI2025-05-08
CVE-2025-44021 OpenStack Ironic 安全漏洞 — Ironic 2.8 Low2025-05-08
CVE-2025-32820 SonicWALL SMA100 安全漏洞 — SMA100 8.1AIHighAI2025-05-07
CVE-2025-20187 Cisco SD-WAN Manager Software Arbitrary File Creation Vulnerability — Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager 6.5 Medium2025-05-07
CVE-2025-22479 Dell Storage Manager 路径遍历漏洞 — Dell Storage Center - Dell Storage Manager 3.5 Low2025-05-06
CVE-2025-4329 74CMS index path traversal — 74CMS 4.3 Medium2025-05-06
CVE-2025-46559 Misskey Directory Traversal Vulnerability in AiScript via `Mk:api` — misskey 5.4 Medium2025-05-05
CVE-2024-11615 Envolve Plugin <= 1.0 - Unauthenticated Language File Deletion — Envolve Plugin 5.3 Medium2025-05-05
CVE-2024-55913 IBM Concert Software path traversal — Concert Software 5.3 Medium2025-05-02
CVE-2025-4186 Wangshen SecGate 3600 g=route_ispinfo_export_save path traversal — SecGate 3600 6.3 Medium2025-05-02
CVE-2025-4185 Wangshen SecGate 3600 g=obj_area_export_save path traversal — SecGate 3600 6.3 Medium2025-05-01
CVE-2025-4178 xiaowei1118 java_server File Upload API FoodController.java path traversal — java_server 5.4 Medium2025-05-01
CVE-2025-4175 AlanBinu007 Spring-Boot-Advanced-Projects Upload Profile API Endpoint UserProfileController.java uploadUserProfileImage path traversal — Spring-Boot-Advanced-Projects 6.3 Medium2025-05-01
CVE-2025-46565 Vite's server.fs.deny bypassed with /. for files under project root — vite 6.5AIMediumAI2025-05-01
CVE-2025-27409 Joplin Server Vulnerable to Path Traversal — joplin 7.5 High2025-04-30
CVE-2025-4078 Wangshen SecGate 3600 g=log_export_file path traversal — SecGate 3600 4.3 Medium2025-04-29
CVE-2025-27937 SIOS Technology Quick Agent 路径遍历漏洞 — Quick Agent V3 6.5 -2025-04-27
CVE-2025-26692 SIOS Technology Quick Agent 路径遍历漏洞 — Quick Agent V3 9.8 -2025-04-27
CVE-2025-1565 Mayosis Core <= 5.4.1 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read — Mayosis Core 7.5 High2025-04-25
CVE-2025-3300 WPMasterToolKit (WPMTK) – All in one plugin <= 2.5.2 - Authenticated (Administrator+) to Arbitrary File Read and Write — WPMasterToolKit (WPMTK) – All in one plugin 7.2 High2025-04-24
CVE-2025-3065 Database Toolset <= 1.8.4 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion — Database Toolset 9.1 Critical2025-04-24

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3521 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.