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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3491

3491 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2025-6805 Marvell QConvergeConsole deleteEventLogFile Directory Traversal Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — QConvergeConsole 9.1AICriticalAI2025-07-07
CVE-2025-6796 Marvell QConvergeConsole getAppFileBytes Directory Traversal Information Disclosure Vulnerability — QConvergeConsole 7.5AIHighAI2025-07-07
CVE-2025-6793 Marvell QConvergeConsole QLogicDownloadImpl Directory Traversal Arbitrary File Deletion and Information Disclosure Vulnerability — QConvergeConsole 9.1AICriticalAI2025-07-07
CVE-2025-6804 Marvell QConvergeConsole compressFirmwareDumpFiles Directory Traversal Information Disclosure Vulnerability — QConvergeConsole 7.5AIHighAI2025-07-07
CVE-2025-6803 Marvell QConvergeConsole compressDriverFiles Directory Traversal Information Disclosure Vulnerability — QConvergeConsole 7.5AIHighAI2025-07-07
CVE-2025-6210 Hardlink-Based Path Traversal in run-llama/llama_index — run-llama/llama_index 7.5 -2025-07-07
CVE-2025-3046 Path Traversal via Symbolic Links in run-llama/llama_index — run-llama/llama_index 5.3 -2025-07-07
CVE-2025-7108 risesoft-y9 Digital-Infrastructure Y9FileController.java deleteFile path traversal — Digital-Infrastructure 5.4 Medium2025-07-07
CVE-2025-7107 SimStudioAI sim route.ts handleLocalFile path traversal — sim 5.3 Medium2025-07-07
CVE-2025-7098 Comodo Internet Security Premium File Name path traversal — Internet Security Premium 5.6 Medium2025-07-06
CVE-2025-28980 WordPress Aviation Weather from NOAA plugin <= 0.7.2 - Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — Aviation Weather from NOAA 7.7 High2025-07-04
CVE-2025-49303 WordPress Frontend Admin by DynamiApps plugin <= 3.28.7 - Arbitrary File Download Vulnerability — Frontend Admin by DynamiApps 6.8 Medium2025-07-04
CVE-2025-2932 JKDEVKIT <= 1.9.4 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion — JKDEVKIT 8.8 High2025-07-03
CVE-2025-34076 Microweber CMS Authenticated Local File Inclusion via Backup API — CMS 8.1AIHighAI2025-07-02
CVE-2025-53358 kotaemon Vulnerable to Path Traversal via Link Upload — kotaemon 6.5 Medium2025-07-02
CVE-2025-53110 Model Context Protocol Servers Vulnerable to Path Validation Bypass via Colliding Path Prefix — servers 7.5AIHighAI2025-07-02
CVE-2025-4946 Vikinger <= 1.9.32 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion via vikinger_delete_activity_media_ajax Function — Vikinger 8.1 High2025-07-02
CVE-2025-27022 Path Traversal Vulnerability in Infinera G42 — G42 7.5 High2025-07-02
CVE-2025-5014 Home Villas | Real Estate WordPress Theme <= 2.8 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion — Home Villas | Real Estate WordPress Theme 8.8 High2025-07-02
CVE-2025-6925 Dromara RuoYi-Vue-Plus Mail MailController.java path traversal — RuoYi-Vue-Plus 5.3 Medium2025-06-30
CVE-2025-6866 code-projects Simple Forum forum_downloadfile.php path traversal — Simple Forum 4.3 Medium2025-06-29
CVE-2025-6855 chatchat-space Langchain-Chatchat file path traversal — Langchain-Chatchat 5.5 Medium2025-06-29
CVE-2025-6854 chatchat-space Langchain-Chatchat files path traversal — Langchain-Chatchat 4.3 Medium2025-06-29
CVE-2025-6853 chatchat-space Langchain-Chatchat Backend upload_temp_docs path traversal — Langchain-Chatchat 6.3 Medium2025-06-29
CVE-2025-6755 Game Users Share Buttons <= 1.3.0 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion via themeNameId Parameter — Game Users Share Buttons 8.8 High2025-06-28
CVE-2025-6379 BeeTeam368 Extensions Pro <= 2.3.4 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Directory Traversal to Arbitrary File Deletion — BeeTeam368 Extensions Pro 8.8 High2025-06-28
CVE-2025-6776 xiaoyunjie openvpn-cms-flask File Upload controller.py upload path traversal — openvpn-cms-flask 7.3 High2025-06-27
CVE-2025-6774 gooaclok819 sublinkX template.go AddTemp path traversal — sublinkX 6.3 Medium2025-06-27
CVE-2025-6773 HKUDS LightRAG File Upload document_routes.py upload_to_input_dir path traversal — LightRAG 5.3 Medium2025-06-27
CVE-2025-6772 eosphoros-ai db-gpt import import_flow path traversal — db-gpt 7.3 High2025-06-27

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3491 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.