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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3498

3498 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2025-5880 Whistle get-temp-file path traversal — Whistle 4.3 Medium2025-06-09
CVE-2025-3485 Allegra extractFileFromZip Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Allegra 8.8AIHighAI2025-06-06
CVE-2025-33035 File Station 5 — File Station 5 6.5AIMediumAI2025-06-06
CVE-2025-5714 SoluçõesCoop iSoluçõesWEB Profile Information Update up.upload.php path traversal — iSoluçõesWEB 4.3 Medium2025-06-06
CVE-2025-3055 WP User Frontend Pro <= 4.1.3 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion — WP User Frontend Pro 8.1 High2025-06-05
CVE-2025-20259 Cisco ThousandEyes Endpoint Agent for Windows Arbitrary File Write Vulnerability — Cisco ThousandEyes Endpoint Agent 5.3 Medium2025-06-04
CVE-2025-20277 Cisco Unified Contact Center Express Path Traversal Vulnerability — Cisco Unified Contact Center Express 3.4 Low2025-06-04
CVE-2025-5545 aaluoxiang oa_system ProcedureController.java image path traversal — oa_system 4.3 Medium2025-06-03
CVE-2025-5544 aaluoxiang oa_system UserpanelController.java image path traversal — oa_system 4.3 Medium2025-06-03
CVE-2025-5509 quequnlong shiyi-blog upload path traversal — shiyi-blog 6.3 Medium2025-06-03
CVE-2024-12718 Bypass extraction filter to modify file metadata outside extraction directory — CPython 5.3 Medium2025-06-03
CVE-2025-4138 Bypassing extraction filter to create symlinks to arbitrary targets outside extraction directory — CPython 7.5 High2025-06-03
CVE-2025-4330 Extraction filter bypass for linking outside extraction directory — CPython 7.5 High2025-06-03
CVE-2025-4517 Arbitrary writes via tarfile realpath overflow — CPython 9.4 Critical2025-06-03
CVE-2025-31359 Parallels Desktop 安全漏洞 — Parallels Desktop for Mac 8.8 High2025-06-03
CVE-2025-41428 Keiyo System TimeWorks 路径遍历漏洞 — TimeWorks 5.3AIMediumAI2025-06-03
CVE-2025-48387 tar-fs has issue where extract can write outside the specified dir with a specific tarball — tar-fs 6.5 -2025-06-02
CVE-2025-48940 MyBB's upgrade component vulnerable to local file inclusion — mybb 7.2 High2025-06-02
CVE-2025-33004 IBM Planning Analytics Local path traversal — Planning Analytics Local 6.5 Medium2025-06-01
CVE-2025-5385 JeeWMS cgformTemplateController.do doAdd path traversal — JeeWMS 6.3 Medium2025-05-31
CVE-2025-5381 Yifang CMS Admin Panel downloadFile path traversal — CMS 2.7 Low2025-05-31
CVE-2025-5380 ashinigit 天青一白 XueShengZhuSu 学生住宿管理系统 Image File Upload upload path traversal — XueShengZhuSu 学生住宿管理系统 6.3 Medium2025-05-31
CVE-2025-4857 Newsletters <= 4.9.9.9 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Local File Inclusion — Newsletters 7.2 High2025-05-31
CVE-2025-47952 Traefik allows path traversal using url encoding — traefik 9.1AICriticalAI2025-05-30
CVE-2025-5328 chshcms mccms Backups.php restore_del path traversal — mccms 5.4 Medium2025-05-29
CVE-2024-51453 IBM Sterling Secure Proxy directory traversal — Sterling Secure Proxy 4.3 Medium2025-05-28
CVE-2025-48744 SIGB PMB 路径遍历漏洞 — PMB 6.4 Medium2025-05-27
CVE-2025-5161 H3C SecCenter SMP-E1114P02 download operationDailyOut path traversal — SecCenter SMP-E1114P02 4.3 Medium2025-05-26
CVE-2025-5160 H3C SecCenter SMP-E1114P02 download path traversal — SecCenter SMP-E1114P02 4.3 Medium2025-05-26
CVE-2025-5159 H3C SecCenter SMP-E1114P02 download path traversal — SecCenter SMP-E1114P02 4.3 Medium2025-05-25

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3498 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.