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CWE-798 (使用硬编码的凭证) — Vulnerability Class 559

559 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-798 (使用硬编码的凭证). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-798 represents a critical security weakness where authentication mechanisms rely on static, embedded credentials rather than dynamic verification. This flaw typically manifests as default administrative accounts with simple, hard-coded passwords or cryptographic keys stored directly within the source code or configuration files. Attackers exploit this vulnerability by scanning for these predictable credentials, gaining immediate, unauthorized access to sensitive systems without needing to bypass complex security controls. To mitigate this risk, developers must eliminate static secrets entirely, implementing robust credential management solutions such as secure vaults, environment variables, or hardware security modules. Additionally, enforcing strong password policies, regular key rotation, and multi-factor authentication ensures that access rights are dynamic and secure, significantly reducing the attack surface against unauthorized entry.

MITRE CWE Description
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key. There are two main variations: Inbound: the product contains an authentication mechanism that checks the input credentials against a hard-coded set of credentials. In this variant, a default administration account is created, and a simple password is hard-coded into the product and associated with that account. This hard-coded password is the same for each installation of the product, and it usually cannot be changed or disabled by system administrators without manually modifying the program, or otherwise patching the product. It can also be difficult for the administrator to detect. Outbound: the product connects to another system or component, and it contains hard-coded credentials for connecting to that component. This variant applies to front-end systems that authenticate with a back-end service. The back-end service may require a fixed password that can be easily discovered. The programmer may simply hard-code those back-end credentials into the front-end product.
Common Consequences (2)
Access ControlBypass Protection Mechanism
If hard-coded passwords are used, it is almost certain that malicious users will gain access to the account in question. Any user of the product that hard-codes passwords may be able to extract the password. Client-side systems with hard-coded passwords pose even more of a threat, since the extracti…
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability, Access Control, OtherRead Application Data, Gain Privileges or Assume Identity, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Other
This weakness can lead to the exposure of resources or functionality to unintended actors, possibly providing attackers with sensitive information or even execute arbitrary code. If the password is ever discovered or published (a common occurrence on the Internet), then anybody with knowledge of thi…
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and DesignFor outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as …
Architecture and DesignFor inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Architecture and DesignIf the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Architecture and DesignFor inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash. Use ra…
Architecture and DesignFor front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete. The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals. Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at th…
Examples (2)
The following code uses a hard-coded password to connect to a database:
... DriverManager.getConnection(url, "scott", "tiger"); ...
Bad · Java
javap -c ConnMngr.class 22: ldc #36; //String jdbc:mysql://ixne.com/rxsql 24: ldc #38; //String scott 26: ldc #17; //String tiger
Attack
The following code is an example of an internal hard-coded password in the back-end:
int VerifyAdmin(char *password) { if (strcmp(password, "Mew!")) { printf("Incorrect Password!\n"); return(0) } printf("Entering Diagnostic Mode...\n"); return(1); }
Bad · C
int VerifyAdmin(String password) { if (!password.equals("Mew!")) { return(0) } //Diagnostic Mode return(1); }
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2024-27159 Hardcoded password used to encrypt logs — Toshiba Tec e-Studio multi-function peripheral (MFP) 6.2 Medium2024-06-14
CVE-2024-38281 Use of Hard-coded Credentials in Motorola Solutions Vigilant Fixed LPR Coms Box (BCAV1F2-C600) — Vigilant Fixed LPR Coms Box (BCAV1F2-C600) 8.8AIHighAI2024-06-13
CVE-2024-0865 Schneider Electric EcoStruxure IT Gateway 信任管理问题漏洞 — EcoStruxure IT Gateway 7.8 High2024-06-12
CVE-2024-3408 Authentication Bypass and RCE in man-group/dtale — man-group/dtale 9.8AICriticalAI2024-06-06
CVE-2024-29170 Dell PowerScale OneFS 信任管理问题漏洞 — PowerScale OneFS 8.1 High2024-06-04
CVE-2024-5514 MinMax CMS - Hidden Functionality — MinMax CMS 9.8 Critical2024-05-30
CVE-2024-4844 Trellix ePolicy Orchestrator 信任管理问题漏洞 — ePolicy Orchestrator 7.5 High2024-05-16
CVE-2024-32053 CyberPower PowerPanel business Use of Hard-coded Credentials — PowerPanel business 9.8 Critical2024-05-15
CVE-2024-27107 Weak account password in GE HealthCare EchoPAC products — EchoPAC Software Only 9.6 Critical2024-05-14
CVE-2024-32740 Siemens SIMATIC CN 4100 信任管理问题漏洞 — SIMATIC CN 4100 9.8 Critical2024-05-14
CVE-2024-23473 SolarWinds Access Rights Manager (ARM) Hard-Coded Credentials Authentication Bypass Vulnerability — Access Rights Manager 8.6 High2024-05-09
CVE-2023-51588 Voltronic Power ViewPower Pro MySQL Use of Hard-coded Credentials Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability — ViewPower Pro 7.8 -2024-05-03
CVE-2023-44411 D-Link D-View InstallApplication Use of Hard-coded Credentials Authentication Bypass Vulnerability — D-View 9.8 -2024-05-03
CVE-2023-39458 Triangle MicroWorks SCADA Data Gateway Use of Hard-coded Credentials Authentication Bypass Vulnerability — SCADA Data Gateway 8.8 -2024-05-03
CVE-2023-35724 D-Link DAP-2622 Telnet CLI Use of Hardcoded Credentials Authentication Bypass Vulnerability — DAP-2622 8.8 -2024-05-03
CVE-2023-34284 NETGEAR RAX30 Use of Hard-coded Credentials Authentication Bypass Vulnerability — RAX30 8.8 -2024-05-03
CVE-2024-3544 LoadMaster Hardcoded SSH Key — LoadMaster 7.5 High2024-05-02
CVE-2024-29966 hard-coded credentials in the documentation that appear as the appliance root password — Brocade SANnav 7.5 High2024-04-19
CVE-2024-29963 Brocade SANnav contains hardcoded TLS keys used by Docker — Brocade SANnav 1.9 Low2024-04-19
CVE-2024-29960 Identical SSH keys utilized inside the OVA image (CVE-2024-29960) — Brocade SANnav 6.8 Medium2024-04-19
CVE-2024-31873 IBM Security Verify Access Appliance information disclosure — Security Verify Access Appliance 7.5 High2024-04-10
CVE-2024-29063 Azure AI Search Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Azure AI Search 7.3 High2024-04-09
CVE-2024-3272 D-Link DNS-320L/DNS-325/DNS-327L/DNS-340L HTTP GET Request nas_sharing.cgi hard-coded credentials — DNS-320L 9.8 Critical2024-04-04
CVE-2024-3130 Insecure Data Storage leading to sensitive Information disclosure. — eWeLink APP 5.7 Medium2024-04-01
CVE-2024-2161 Use of Hard-coded Credentials in Kiloview NDI N series products API middleware — NDI 9.8 Critical2024-03-21
CVE-2024-28194 Authentication Bypass Because of Hardcoded JWT Secret in your_spotify — your_spotify 9.1 Critical2024-03-13
CVE-2023-5456 AiLux imx6 安全漏洞 — imx6 bundle 8.1 High2024-03-05
CVE-2024-1661 Totolink X6000R shadow hard-coded credentials — X6000R 2.5 Low2024-02-20
CVE-2024-1344 Encrypted database credentials in LaborOfficeFree — LaborOfficeFree 6.8 Medium2024-02-19
CVE-2023-6255 Hardcoded Credentals in SoliClub Mobile App — SoliPay Mobile App 7.5 High2024-02-15

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-798 (使用硬编码的凭证) represent 559 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.