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CWE-798 使用硬编码的凭证 类漏洞列表 636

CWE-798 使用硬编码的凭证 类弱点 636 条 CVE 漏洞汇总，含 AI 中文分析。

CWE-798指硬编码凭据漏洞，即软件将密码或密钥直接写入代码。攻击者可通过逆向工程提取这些固定凭据，从而绕过认证机制获取未授权访问权限。为避免此类风险，开发者应严禁在代码中硬编码敏感信息，转而采用环境变量、密钥管理系统或配置数据库等动态方式存储凭据，确保凭据与代码分离，提升系统安全性。

MITRE CWE 官方描述
CWE：CWE-798 使用硬编码凭证 (Use of Hard-coded Credentials) 英文：该产品包含硬编码凭证 (hard-coded credentials)，例如密码 (password) 或加密密钥 (cryptographic key)。 主要有两种变体： 入站 (Inbound)：该产品包含一种身份验证机制，将输入的凭证 (input credentials) 与一组硬编码凭证 (hard-coded set of credentials) 进行比对。在此变体中，会创建一个默认的管理员账户 (default administration account)，并将一个简单的密码 (simple password) 硬编码到产品中并与该账户关联。此硬编码密码 (hard-coded password) 在产品的每次安装中都是相同的，并且通常无法由系统管理员 (system administrators) 在不手动修改程序或修补产品的情况下更改或禁用。管理员也难以检测到此问题。 出站 (Outbound)：该产品连接到另一个系统或组件，并包含用于连接该组件的硬编码凭证 (hard-coded credentials)。此变体适用于与后端服务 (back-end service) 进行身份验证的前端系统 (front-end systems)。后端服务 (back-end service) 可能需要一个容易被发现的固定密码 (fixed password)。程序员可能只是将这些后端凭证 (back-end credentials) 硬编码到前端产品 (front-end product) 中。
常见影响 (2)
Access ControlBypass Protection Mechanism
If hard-coded passwords are used, it is almost certain that malicious users will gain access to the account in question. Any user of the product that hard-codes passwords may be able to extract the password. Client-side systems with hard-coded passwords pose even more of a threat, since the extracti…
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability, Access Control, OtherRead Application Data, Gain Privileges or Assume Identity, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Other
This weakness can lead to the exposure of resources or functionality to unintended actors, possibly providing attackers with sensitive information or even execute arbitrary code. If the password is ever discovered or published (a common occurrence on the Internet), then anybody with knowledge of thi…
缓解措施 (5)
Architecture and DesignFor outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as …
Architecture and DesignFor inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Architecture and DesignIf the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Architecture and DesignFor inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash. Use ra…
Architecture and DesignFor front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete. The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals. Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at th…
代码示例 (2)
The following code uses a hard-coded password to connect to a database:
... DriverManager.getConnection(url, "scott", "tiger"); ...
Bad · Java
javap -c ConnMngr.class 22: ldc #36; //String jdbc:mysql://ixne.com/rxsql 24: ldc #38; //String scott 26: ldc #17; //String tiger
Attack
The following code is an example of an internal hard-coded password in the back-end:
int VerifyAdmin(char *password) { if (strcmp(password, "Mew!")) { printf("Incorrect Password!\n"); return(0) } printf("Entering Diagnostic Mode...\n"); return(1); }
Bad · C
int VerifyAdmin(String password) { if (!password.equals("Mew!")) { return(0) } //Diagnostic Mode return(1); }
Bad · Java
CVE ID标题CVSS风险等级Published
CVE-2021-0245 Juniper Networks Junos OS 信任管理问题漏洞 — Junos OS 7.8 High2021-04-22
CVE-2020-27278 Hamilton-medical Hamilton-T1 信任管理问题漏洞 — Hamilton Medical AG, T1-Ventillator 6.8 -2021-03-15
CVE-2021-22667 Advantech BB-ESWGP506-2SFP-T 信任管理问题漏洞 — BB-ESWGP506-2SFP-T 9.8 -2021-02-24
CVE-2020-6779 Bosch FSM-2500 server 和 Bosch FSM-5000 server 信任管理问题漏洞 — FSM-2500 10.0 Critical2021-01-25
CVE-2021-1219 Cisco Smart Software Manager 信任管理问题漏洞 — Cisco Smart Software Manager On-Prem 7.8 -2021-01-20
CVE-2020-27256 多款Sooil产品信任管理问题漏洞 — SOOIL Developments Co., Ltd Diabecare RS, AnyDana-i and AnyDana-A 6.1 -2021-01-19
CVE-2020-12501 RocketLinx 信任管理问题漏洞 — P+F Comtrol RocketLinx 9.8 Critical2020-10-15
CVE-2020-3446 Cisco ENCS 5400-W Series和CSP 5000-W Series 信任管理问题漏洞 — Cisco Wide Area Application Services (WAAS) 9.8 -2020-08-26
CVE-2020-3382 Cisco Data Center Network Manager 信任管理问题漏洞 — Cisco Data Center Network Manager 9.8 -2020-07-31
CVE-2020-7515 Schneider Electric Easergy Builder 信任管理问题漏洞 — Easergy Builder V1.4.7.2 and prior 8.8 -2020-07-23
CVE-2020-3330 Cisco Small Business RV110W Wireless-N VPN Firewall 信任管理问题漏洞 — Cisco RV110W Wireless-N VPN Firewall Firmware 9.8 -2020-07-16
CVE-2020-10269 Mobile Industrial Robots MiR100信任管理问题漏洞 — MiR100 9.8 -2020-06-24
CVE-2020-10270 Mobile Industrial Robots MiR100信任管理问题漏洞 — MiR100 9.8 -2020-06-24
CVE-2020-10276 Mobile Industrial Robots MiR100 信任管理问题漏洞 — MiR100 9.8 -2020-06-24
CVE-2020-7501 Schneider Electric Vijeo Designer和Vijeo Designer Basic 信任管理问题漏洞 — Vijeo Designer Basic (V1.1 HotFix 16 and prior) and Vijeo Designer (V6.2 SP9 and prior) 9.8 -2020-06-16
CVE-2020-7498 Schneider Electric Unity Loader和OS Loader Software 信任管理问题漏洞 — Unity Loader and OS Loader Software (All versions) 9.8 -2020-06-16
CVE-2020-6265 SAP Commerce 信任管理问题漏洞 — SAP Commerce 9.8 -2020-06-09
CVE-2020-3234 Cisco 809 Industrial ISRs、829 Industrial ISRs和Cisco CGR1000 IOS Software 信任管理问题漏洞 — Cisco IOS 12.2(60)EZ16 8.8 -2020-06-03
CVE-2020-5248 Teclib GLPI 信任管理问题漏洞 — glpi 7.2 High2020-05-12
CVE-2020-3301 Cisco Firepower User Agent Software 信任管理问题漏洞 — Cisco Firepower Management Center 7.8 -2020-05-06
CVE-2020-3318 Cisco Firepower Management Center 信任管理问题漏洞 — Cisco Firepower Management Center 7.8 -2020-05-06
CVE-2019-5622 Accellion File Transfer Appliance 信任管理问题漏洞 — File Transfer Appliance 9.8 -2020-04-29
CVE-2019-6859 多款Schneider Electric产品信任管理问题漏洞 — Modicon Controllers (All versions of the following CPUs and Communication Module product references listed in the Security Notifications) 7.5 -2020-04-22
CVE-2019-19108 B&R Industrial Automation Studio Versions和Runtime SNMP服务信任管理问题漏洞 — Automation Runtime 9.4 Critical2020-04-20
CVE-2020-1614 Juniper Networks NFX250 Network Services Platform vSRX VNF 信任管理问题漏洞 — Juniper Networks NFX Series Network Services Platform 10.0 Critical2020-04-08
CVE-2020-1615 Juniper Networks Junos OS 信任管理问题漏洞 — Junos OS 9.8 Critical2020-04-08
CVE-2019-13559 GE Mark VIe Controller 信任管理问题漏洞 — GE Mark VIe Controller 7.8 -2020-04-07
CVE-2020-6981 Moxa EDS-G516E和EDS-510E 信任管理问题漏洞 — Moxa EDS-G516E Series firmware, Version 5.2 or lower 9.8 -2020-03-24
CVE-2020-6985 Moxa PT-7528和PT-7828 信任管理问题漏洞 — Moxa PT-7528 series firmware, Version 4.0 or lower, PT-7828 series firmware, Version 3.9 or lower 9.8 -2020-03-24
CVE-2020-8868 Quest Software Foglight Evolve 信任管理问题漏洞 — Foglight Evolve 9.8 -2020-03-23

CWE-798（使用硬编码的凭证） 是常见的弱点类别，本平台收录该类弱点关联的 636 条 CVE 漏洞。