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CWE-798 (使用硬编码的凭证) — Vulnerability Class 559

559 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-798 (使用硬编码的凭证). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-798 represents a critical security weakness where authentication mechanisms rely on static, embedded credentials rather than dynamic verification. This flaw typically manifests as default administrative accounts with simple, hard-coded passwords or cryptographic keys stored directly within the source code or configuration files. Attackers exploit this vulnerability by scanning for these predictable credentials, gaining immediate, unauthorized access to sensitive systems without needing to bypass complex security controls. To mitigate this risk, developers must eliminate static secrets entirely, implementing robust credential management solutions such as secure vaults, environment variables, or hardware security modules. Additionally, enforcing strong password policies, regular key rotation, and multi-factor authentication ensures that access rights are dynamic and secure, significantly reducing the attack surface against unauthorized entry.

MITRE CWE Description
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key. There are two main variations: Inbound: the product contains an authentication mechanism that checks the input credentials against a hard-coded set of credentials. In this variant, a default administration account is created, and a simple password is hard-coded into the product and associated with that account. This hard-coded password is the same for each installation of the product, and it usually cannot be changed or disabled by system administrators without manually modifying the program, or otherwise patching the product. It can also be difficult for the administrator to detect. Outbound: the product connects to another system or component, and it contains hard-coded credentials for connecting to that component. This variant applies to front-end systems that authenticate with a back-end service. The back-end service may require a fixed password that can be easily discovered. The programmer may simply hard-code those back-end credentials into the front-end product.
Common Consequences (2)
Access ControlBypass Protection Mechanism
If hard-coded passwords are used, it is almost certain that malicious users will gain access to the account in question. Any user of the product that hard-codes passwords may be able to extract the password. Client-side systems with hard-coded passwords pose even more of a threat, since the extracti…
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability, Access Control, OtherRead Application Data, Gain Privileges or Assume Identity, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Other
This weakness can lead to the exposure of resources or functionality to unintended actors, possibly providing attackers with sensitive information or even execute arbitrary code. If the password is ever discovered or published (a common occurrence on the Internet), then anybody with knowledge of thi…
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and DesignFor outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as …
Architecture and DesignFor inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Architecture and DesignIf the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Architecture and DesignFor inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash. Use ra…
Architecture and DesignFor front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete. The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals. Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at th…
Examples (2)
The following code uses a hard-coded password to connect to a database:
... DriverManager.getConnection(url, "scott", "tiger"); ...
Bad · Java
javap -c ConnMngr.class 22: ldc #36; //String jdbc:mysql://ixne.com/rxsql 24: ldc #38; //String scott 26: ldc #17; //String tiger
Attack
The following code is an example of an internal hard-coded password in the back-end:
int VerifyAdmin(char *password) { if (strcmp(password, "Mew!")) { printf("Incorrect Password!\n"); return(0) } printf("Entering Diagnostic Mode...\n"); return(1); }
Bad · C
int VerifyAdmin(String password) { if (!password.equals("Mew!")) { return(0) } //Diagnostic Mode return(1); }
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2024-45275 MB connect line/Helmholz: Hardcoded user accounts with hard-coded passwords — mbNET.mini 9.8 Critical2024-10-15
CVE-2024-8450 PLANET Technology switch devices - Hard-coded SNMPv1 read-write community string — GS-4210-24PL4C hardware 2.0 8.6 High2024-09-30
CVE-2024-8449 PLANET Technology switch devices - Local users' passwords recovery through hard-coded credentials — GS-4210-24PL4C hardware 2.0 6.8 Medium2024-09-30
CVE-2024-8448 PLANET Technology switch devices - Remote privilege escalation using hard-coded credentials — GS-4210-24PL4C hardware 2.0 8.8 High2024-09-30
CVE-2024-23958 Autel MaxiCharger AC Elite Business C50 BLE Hardcoded Credentials Authentication Bypass Vulnerability — MaxiCharger AC Elite Business C50 6.5 Medium2024-09-28
CVE-2024-45861 Use of Hard-coded Credentials in Kastle Systems Access Control System — Access Control System 9.8AICriticalAI2024-09-19
CVE-2024-6656 Hardcoded Credentals in TNB Mobile Solutions' Cockpit Software — Cockpit Software 7.5AIHighAI2024-09-13
CVE-2024-28990 SolarWinds Access Rights Manager (ARM) Hardcoded Credentials Authentication Bypass Vulnerability — Access Rights Manager 6.3 Medium2024-09-12
CVE-2024-39582 Dell InsightIQ 信任管理问题漏洞 — PowerScale InsightIQ 2.3 Low2024-09-10
CVE-2024-35118 IBM MaaS360 information disclosure — MaaS360 4.6 Medium2024-08-29
CVE-2024-8162 TOTOLINK T10 AC1200 Telnet Service product.ini hard-coded credentials — T10 AC1200 9.8 Critical2024-08-26
CVE-2024-8135 Go-Tribe gotribe token.go Sign hard-coded credentials — gotribe 6.3 Medium2024-08-24
CVE-2024-28987 SolarWinds Web Help Desk Hardcoded Credential Vulnerability — Web Help Desk 9.1 Critical2024-08-21
CVE-2024-8005 demozx gf_cms JWT Authentication auth.go init hard-coded credentials — gf_cms 7.3 High2024-08-20
CVE-2024-41161 Vonets WiFi Bridges Use of Hard-coded Credentials — VAR1200-H 7.5 High2024-08-08
CVE-2024-41689 Hard-coded Credentials Vulnerability — SyroTech SY-GPON-1110-WDONT router 4.6 -2024-07-26
CVE-2024-6912 Hardcoded MSSQL Credentials — ProcessPlus 9.8AICriticalAI2024-07-22
CVE-2024-5471 Agent takeover — DDI Central 8.8 High2024-07-17
CVE-2024-5810 WP2Speed Faster – Optimize PageSpeed Insights Score 90-100 <= 1.0.1 - Improper Authorization due to use of Hardcoded Credentials — WP2Speed Faster – Optimize PageSpeed Insights Score 90-100 5.3 Medium2024-07-09
CVE-2024-28751 ifm: Hardcoded telnet credentials in Smart PLC — Smart PLC AC14xx Firmware 9.1 Critical2024-07-09
CVE-2024-28747 ifm: Use of Hard-coded Credentials — Smart PLC AC14xx Firmware 9.8 Critical2024-07-09
CVE-2023-41919 Use of Hard-coded Credentials in Kiloview P1/P2 devices — P1/P2 9.8 Critical2024-07-02
CVE-2024-39374 Use of Hard-coded Credentials in TELSAT marKoni FM Transmitter — Markoni-D (Compact) FM Transmitters 9.8AICriticalAI2024-06-27
CVE-2024-5460 Brocade Fabric OS versions prior to v9.0 have default community strings — Fabric OS 8.1 High2024-06-25
CVE-2023-6198 Hard Coded Credential — Snap Router 9.3 Critical2024-06-25
CVE-2024-36496 Hardcoded Credentials — WINSelect (Standard + Enterprise) 7.5AIHighAI2024-06-24
CVE-2024-27170 Hardcoded credentials for WebDAV access — Toshiba Tec e-Studio multi-function peripheral (MFP) 7.4 High2024-06-14
CVE-2024-27168 Hardcoded keys used to generate authentication cookies — Toshiba Tec e-Studio multi-function peripheral (MFP) 7.1 High2024-06-14
CVE-2024-27161 Hardcoded password used to encrypt files — Toshiba Tec e-Studio multi-function peripheral (MFP) 6.2 Medium2024-06-14
CVE-2024-27160 Hardcoded password used to encrypt logs and use of weak cipher — Toshiba Tec e-Studio multi-function peripheral (MFP) 6.2 Medium2024-06-14

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-798 (使用硬编码的凭证) represent 559 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.