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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3432

3432 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2026-5478 Everest Forms <= 3.4.4 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read and Deletion via Upload Field 'old_files' Parameter — Everest Forms – Contact Form, Payment Form, Quiz, Survey & Custom Form Builder 8.1 High2026-04-20
CVE-2026-6248 wpForo Forum <= 3.0.5 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion via Custom Profile Field File Path — wpForo Forum 8.1 High2026-04-20
CVE-2026-25525 OpenMage LTS has Path Traversal Filter Bypass in Dataflow Module — magento-lts 4.9 Medium2026-04-20
CVE-2026-41245 Junrar: Path Traversal (Zip-Slip) via Sibling Directory Name Prefix — junrar 5.9 Medium2026-04-20
CVE-2026-6636 p2r3 convert API buildCache.js Bun.serve path traversal — convert 4.3 Medium2026-04-20
CVE-2026-6620 SonicCloudOrg sonic-server File Upload Endpoint FileTool.java upload path traversal — sonic-server 6.3 Medium2026-04-20
CVE-2026-6615 TransformerOptimus SuperAGI Multipart Upload resources.py upload path traversal — SuperAGI 7.3 High2026-04-20
CVE-2026-6591 ComfyUI LoadImage Node folder_paths.py folder_paths.get_annotated_filepath path traversal — ComfyUI 4.3 Medium2026-04-20
CVE-2026-6590 ComfyUI Model Preview Endpoint model_manager.py get_model_preview path traversal — ComfyUI 4.3 Medium2026-04-20
CVE-2026-6568 kodcloud KodExplorer Public Share share.class.php initShareOld path traversal — KodExplorer 7.3 High2026-04-19
CVE-2026-40491 gdown Affected by Arbitrary File Write via Path Traversal in gdown.extractall — gdown 6.5 Medium2026-04-18
CVE-2026-40258 Gramps Web API has Zip Slip Path Traversal in Media Archive Import — gramps-web-api 9.1 Critical2026-04-17
CVE-2026-40342 Firebird: Path Traversal + Arbitrary File Write Leads to Remote Code Execution — firebird 10.0 Critical2026-04-17
CVE-2026-5710 Drag and Drop Multiple File Upload for Contact Form 7 <= 1.3.9.6 - Unauthenticated Limited Arbitrary File Read via mfile Field — Drag and Drop Multiple File Upload for Contact Form 7 7.5 High2026-04-17
CVE-2026-40518 ByteDance DeerFlow Path Traversal and Arbitrary File Write via Bootstrap Mode — deer-flow 7.1 High2026-04-17
CVE-2026-3464 WP Customer Area <= 8.3.4 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Read/Deletion via ajax_attach_file — WP Customer Area 8.8 High2026-04-17
CVE-2026-6496 prasathmani TinyFileManager POST Parameter filemanager.php path traversal — TinyFileManager 5.4 Medium2026-04-17
CVE-2026-6487 Qihui jtbc5 CMS Code Endpoint manage.php path traversal — jtbc5 CMS 4.3 Medium2026-04-17
CVE-2026-4659 Unlimited Elements For Elementor <= 2.0.6 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Arbitrary File Read via Path Traversal in Repeater JSON/CSV URL with Path Traversal — Unlimited Elements For Elementor 7.5 High2026-04-17
CVE-2026-35496 CubeCart 安全漏洞 — CubeCart 4.9AIMediumAI2026-04-17
CVE-2026-4853 JetBackup <= 3.1.19.8 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary Directory Deletion via Path Traversal in 'fileName' Parameter — JetBackup – Backup, Restore & Migrate 4.9 Medium2026-04-17
CVE-2026-6410 @fastify/static vulnerable to path traversal in directory listing — @fastify/static 5.3 Medium2026-04-16
CVE-2025-14868 Career Section <= 1.6 - Cross-Site Request Forgery to Arbitrary File Deletion — Career Section 8.8 High2026-04-16
CVE-2026-40503 OpenHarness Path Traversal Information Disclosure via /memory show — OpenHarness 6.5 Medium2026-04-16
CVE-2026-40256 Weblate: Prefix-Based Repository Boundary Check Bypass via Symlink/Junction Path Prefix Collision — weblate 5.0 Medium2026-04-15
CVE-2026-34242 Weblate: Arbitrary File Read via Symlink — weblate 7.7 High2026-04-15
CVE-2026-33220 Weblate: JavaScript localization CDN add-on allows arbitrary local file read outside the repository — weblate 6.8 Medium2026-04-15
CVE-2026-20180 Cisco Identity Services Engine Multiple Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Cisco Identity Services Engine Software 9.9 Critical2026-04-15
CVE-2026-20148 Cisco Identity Services Engine Path Traversal Vulnerability — Cisco Identity Services Engine Software 4.9 Medium2026-04-15
CVE-2026-40090 Zarf has a Path Traversal via Malicious Package Metadata.Name — Arbitrary File Write — zarf 7.1 High2026-04-14

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3432 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.