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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 4212

4212 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2026-40000 Path Traversal Vulnerability in ZTE Blade A75 5G — Blade A75 5G 1.8 Low2026-07-27
CVE-2026-65765 Joomla Extension - phoca.cz - Path traversal vulnerability in Phoca Commander 1.0.0-6.1.1 — Phoca Commander extension for Joomla 6.9 Medium2026-07-27
CVE-2026-14955 Checkout Field Editor for WooCommerce (Pro) <= 3.7.7 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Read via 'thwcfe_legacy_file' Parameter — Checkout Field Editor for WooCommerce (Pro) 6.5 Medium2026-07-25
CVE-2026-66007 Datasets Path Traversal via Unsanitized file_name Metadata — datasets 6.5 Medium2026-07-24
CVE-2026-66004 BlenderMCP Path Traversal via download_polyhaven_asset API — blender-mcp 5.3 Medium2026-07-24
CVE-2026-15420 Nexter Blocks <= 5.0.0 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Path Traversal to Arbitrary CSS/JS File Deletion via 'plus_name' Parameter — Nexter Blocks – Gutenberg Blocks, Page Builder & AI Website Builder 4.3 Medium2026-07-24
CVE-2026-16767 Ne-Lexa php-zip ZIP ZipFile.php extractTo path traversal — php-zip 6.5 Medium2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65694 Microweber CMS 2.0.20 Path Traversal via ServeStaticFileController — microweber 7.5 High2026-07-23
CVE-2026-47669 DbGate: Zip Slip in archive/unzip allows arbitrary file write leading to RCE — dbgate 9.3 Critical2026-07-23
CVE-2026-15687 Path traversal via non-tar copyDirectoryFromPod — kubernetes-client/java--2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65920 Diffusers Path Traversal via weight_map Arbitrary File Read — diffusers 4.3 Medium2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65919 Meshery < 1.0.57 Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read via fileView and fileDownload — meshery 7.5 High2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65702 Vanna 2.0.2 Path Traversal via FileSystemConversationStore — vanna 8.6 High2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65701 SoftVC VITS Singing Voice Conversion Path Traversal via /wav2wav Flask Route — so-vits-svc 9.1 Critical2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65700 h2oGPT 0.2.1 Path Traversal via OpenAI-compatible Files API — h2ogpt 9.8 Critical2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65698 Void 1.3.4 Path Traversal via AI Agent File-Reading Tools — void 5.3 Medium2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65695 Office-Word-MCP-Server 1.1.11 Path Traversal via document tools — Office-Word-MCP-Server 6.8 Medium2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65690 Bold Reports Standalone Report Designer < 14.1.12 Path Traversal RCE via File Upload — Standalone Report Designer 8.8 High2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65689 Bold Reports Standalone Report Designer < 14.1.12 Arbitrary File Read via Database Download — Standalone Report Designer 9.8 Critical2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65688 Bold Reports Standalone Report Designer < 14.1.12 Arbitrary File Read via Font Processing — Standalone Report Designer 9.8 Critical2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65687 Bold Reports Standalone Report Designer < 14.1.12 Arbitrary File Read via SVG Processing — Standalone Report Designer 9.8 Critical2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65607 SiYuan before v3.7.2 Path Traversal via /export/temp/ — siyuan 6.5 Medium2026-07-23
CVE-2026-59555 WordPress Participants Database plugin <= 2.7.8.3 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability — Participants Database 10.0 Critical2026-07-23
CVE-2026-59542 WordPress Kali Forms plugin <= 2.4.18 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability — Kali Forms 7.7 High2026-07-23
CVE-2026-57716 WordPress Broadcast Live Video plugin <= 7.2.4 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability — Broadcast Live Video 5.3 Medium2026-07-23
CVE-2026-57696 WordPress Picture Gallery plugin <= 1.6.5 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability — Picture Gallery 7.1 High2026-07-23
CVE-2026-15786 WP Encryption <= 7.8.6.6 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary File Write via 'imploded' Parameter — WP Encryption – Lifetime Free SSL Cert & HTTPS, Force SSL / HTTPS Redirect, SSL Security 4.4 Medium2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65713 Joomla Extension - regularlabs.com - Insecure path handling in Modals Pro extension — Modals Pro extension for Joomla--2026-07-23
CVE-2026-65754 Joomla Extension - regularlabs.com - Insecure path handling in ReReplacer Pro extension — ReReplacer PRo extension for Joomla--2026-07-23
CVE-2026-64872 Joomla Extension - regularlabs.com - Path traversal in Cache Cleaner Pro extension — Cache Cleaner Pro extension for Joomla--2026-07-23

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 4212 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.