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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3432

3432 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2026-6940 radare2 < 6.1.4 Project Deletion Path Traversal Directory Deletion — radare2 7.1 High2026-04-23
CVE-2026-41205 Mako: Path traversal via double-slash URI prefix in TemplateLookup — mako 9.1AICriticalAI2026-04-23
CVE-2026-6903 Path Traversal Vulnerability in LabOne User Interface — LabOne 7.5 High2026-04-23
CVE-2026-41211 `vite-plus/binding` has path traversal `downloadPackageManager()` that leads to writes outside of `VP_HOME` — vite-plus 6.5AIMediumAI2026-04-23
CVE-2026-41180 PsiTransfer: Upload PATCH path traversal can create `config.<NODE_ENV>.js` and lead to code execution on restart — psitransfer 7.5 High2026-04-23
CVE-2026-40062 Ziosoft Ziostation 路径遍历漏洞 — Ziostation2 7.5AIHighAI2026-04-23
CVE-2026-4917 IBM Guardium Data Protection is affected by multiple vulnerabilities — Guardium Data Protection 4.9 Medium2026-04-22
CVE-2026-33656 EspoCRM vulnerable to authenticated RCE via Formula with path traversal in attachment `sourceId`, exploitable by admin user — espocrm 9.1 Critical2026-04-22
CVE-2026-34414 Xerte Online Toolkits Path Traversal via connector.php — xerteonlinetoolkits 7.1 High2026-04-22
CVE-2026-32885 DDEV has ZipSlip path traversal in tar and zip archive extraction — ddev 6.5 Medium2026-04-22
CVE-2026-35363 uutils coreutils rm Safeguard Bypass via Improper Path Normalization — coreutils 5.6 Medium2026-04-22
CVE-2026-35338 uutils coreutils chmod Path Traversal Bypass of --preserve-root — coreutils 7.3 High2026-04-22
CVE-2026-6855 Instructlab: instructlab: path traversal allows arbitrary directory creation and file write — Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 7.1 High2026-04-22
CVE-2026-4280 Breaking News WP <= 1.3 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Local File Inclusion/Read — Breaking News WP 6.5 Medium2026-04-22
CVE-2026-41062 WWBN/AVideo has an incomplete fix for a directory traversal bypass via query string in ReceiveImage downloadURL parameters — AVideo 6.5 Medium2026-04-21
CVE-2026-41058 AVideo has an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-33293 (Path Traversal) in AVideo — AVideo 8.1 High2026-04-21
CVE-2026-6832 Nesquena Hermes WebUI Arbitrary File Deletion via Unvalidated session_id — hermes-webui 8.1 High2026-04-21
CVE-2026-6829 nesquena hermes-webui Arbitrary Workspace Directory Access — hermes-webui 6.3 Medium2026-04-21
CVE-2026-40923 Tekton Pipelines: VolumeMount path restriction bypass via missing filepath.Clean in /tekton/ check — pipeline 5.4 Medium2026-04-21
CVE-2026-40909 WWBN AVideo has a Path Traversal in Locale Save Endpoint that Enables Arbitrary PHP File Write to Any Web-Accessible Directory (RCE) — AVideo 8.7 High2026-04-21
CVE-2026-40876 SFTP root escape via prefix-based path validation in goshs — goshs 8.8AIHighAI2026-04-21
CVE-2026-40611 Lego: Arbitrary File Write via Path Traversal in Webroot HTTP-01 Provider — lego 8.8 High2026-04-21
CVE-2026-41193 FreeScout has Zip Slip path traversal in module installation that allows arbitrary file write leading to RCE — freescout 9.1 Critical2026-04-21
CVE-2026-40576 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') in excel-mcp-server — excel-mcp-server 9.4 Critical2026-04-21
CVE-2026-32147 SFTP chroot bypass via path traversal in SSH_FXP_FSETSTAT — OTP 6.5AIMediumAI2026-04-21
CVE-2026-39973 Apktool: Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Write — Apktool 7.1 High2026-04-21
CVE-2026-39861 Claude Code: Sandbox Escape via Symlink Following Allows Arbitrary File Write Outside Workspace — claude-code 8.8AIHighAI2026-04-21
CVE-2026-39378 nbconvert has an Arbitrary File Read via Path Traversal in HTMLExporter Image Embedding — nbconvert 6.5 Medium2026-04-21
CVE-2026-39377 nbconvert has an Arbitrary File Write via Path Traversal in Cell Attachment Filenames — nbconvert 6.5 Medium2026-04-21
CVE-2026-35570 OpenClaude has Sandbox Bypass via Early-Exit Logic Flaw that Allows Path Traversal — openclaude 8.4 High2026-04-20

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3432 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.