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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3432

3432 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2026-34524 SillyTavern: Path traversal in `/api/chats/export` and `/api/chats/delete` allows arbitrary file read/delete within user data root — SillyTavern 8.3 High2026-04-02
CVE-2026-34523 SillyTavern: Path traversal allows file existence oracle — SillyTavern 5.3 Medium2026-04-02
CVE-2026-34522 SillyTavern: Path traversal in `/api/chats/import` allows arbitrary file write outside intended chat directory — SillyTavern 8.1 High2026-04-02
CVE-2026-34790 Endian Firewall /cgi-bin/backup.cgi remove ARCHIVE Directory Traversal — Endian Firewall 7.1 High2026-04-02
CVE-2026-5344 Textpattern XML-RPC TXP_RPCServer.php mt_uploadImage path traversal — Textpattern 6.3 Medium2026-04-02
CVE-2026-34728 phpMyFAQ: Path Traversal - Arbitrary File Deletion in MediaBrowserController — phpMyFAQ 8.7 High2026-04-02
CVE-2026-5331 OpenCart Extension Installer installer.php path traversal — OpenCart 4.7 Medium2026-04-02
CVE-2026-4347 MW WP Form <= 5.1.0 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Move via move_temp_file_to_upload_dir — MW WP Form 8.1 High2026-04-02
CVE-2026-3987 WatchGuard Firebox Arbitrary File Write vis Path Traversal in Fireware Web UI — Fireware OS 7.2AIHighAI2026-04-01
CVE-2026-34750 Payload has Insufficient Filename Validation in Client-Upload Signed-URL Endpoints — payload 6.5 Medium2026-04-01
CVE-2026-34446 ONNX: Arbitrary File Read via ExternalData Hardlink Bypass in ONNX load — onnx 4.7 Medium2026-04-01
CVE-2026-20174 Cisco Nexus Dashboard Insights Arbitrary File Write Vulnerability — Cisco Nexus Dashboard 4.9 Medium2026-04-01
CVE-2026-34603 @tinacms/graphql's Media Endpoints Can Escape the Media Root via Symlinks or Junctions — tinacms 7.1 High2026-04-01
CVE-2026-34604 @tinacms/graphql's `FilesystemBridge` Path Validation Can Be Bypassed via Symlinks or Junctions — tinacms 7.1 High2026-04-01
CVE-2026-33949 @tinacms/graphql has Path Traversal that leads to overwrite of arbitrary files — tinacms 8.1 High2026-04-01
CVE-2026-27101 Dell Secure Connect Gateway 路径遍历漏洞 — Secure Connect Gateway 4.7 Medium2026-04-01
CVE-2026-5258 Sanster IOPaint File Manager file_manager.py _get_file path traversal — IOPaint 7.3 High2026-04-01
CVE-2026-34451 Claude SDK for TypeScript: Memory Tool Path Validation Allows Sandbox Escape to Sibling Directories — anthropic-sdk-typescript 8.1 -2026-03-31
CVE-2026-5203 CMS Made Simple UserGuide Module XML Import class.UserGuideImporterExporter.php _copyFilesToFolder path traversal — CMS Made Simple 4.7 Medium2026-03-31
CVE-2026-33581 OpenClaw < 2026.3.24 - Arbitrary File Read via mediaUrl and fileUrl Parameters — OpenClaw 6.5 Medium2026-03-31
CVE-2025-10559 Path Traversal vulnerability affecting Factory Resource Management in DELMIA Factory Resource Manager from Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2023x through Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2025x — DELMIA Factory Resource Manager 7.1 High2026-03-31
CVE-2026-34070 LangChain Core has Path Traversal vulnerabilites in legacy `load_prompt` functions — langchain 7.5 High2026-03-31
CVE-2026-32727 SciTokens: Authorization Bypass via Path Traversal in Scope Validation — scitokens 8.1 High2026-03-31
CVE-2026-30940 baserCMS: Path Traversal in Theme File API Leads to Arbitrary File Write and RCE — basercms 7.2 High2026-03-31
CVE-2026-27018 Gotenberg: Chromium deny-list bypass via case-insensitive URL scheme — gotenberg 5.3 -2026-03-30
CVE-2026-33027 Nginx UI: Improper Path Validation Allows Recursive Deletion of the Nginx Configuration Directory — nginx-ui 7.1 -2026-03-30
CVE-2026-5014 elecV2 elecV2P Wildcard log path.join path traversal — elecV2P 5.3 Medium2026-03-28
CVE-2026-5013 elecV2 elecV2P :key path.join path traversal — elecV2P 5.3 Medium2026-03-28
CVE-2026-4999 z-9527 admin isImg Check upload.js uploadFile path traversal — admin 6.3 Medium2026-03-28
CVE-2026-4997 Sinaptik AI PandasAI sql_sanitizer.py is_sql_query_safe path traversal — PandasAI 5.3 Medium2026-03-28

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3432 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.