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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3485

3485 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2012-10034 ClanSphere 2011.3 Local File Inclusion via cs_lang Cookie — ClanSphere 7.5AIHighAI2025-08-05
CVE-2025-54387 IPX is Vulnerable to Path Traversal via Prefix Matching Bypass — ipx 6.8AIMediumAI2025-08-05
CVE-2025-54794 Claude Code Research Preview has a Path Restriction Bypass which could allow unauthorized file access — claude-code 9.1AICriticalAI2025-08-05
CVE-2025-54802 pyLoad CNL Blueprint is vulnerable to Path Traversal through `dlc_path` leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE) — pyload 9.8 Critical2025-08-05
CVE-2025-8522 givanz Vvvebjs node.js save.php path traversal — Vvvebjs 5.0 Medium2025-08-04
CVE-2025-8516 Kingdee Cloud-Starry-Sky Enterprise Edition IIS-K3CloudMiniApp FileUploadAction.class path traversal — Cloud-Starry-Sky Enterprise Edition 5.3 Medium2025-08-04
CVE-2025-7694 Woffice Core <= 5.4.26 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Arbitrary File Deletion — Woffice Core 6.8 Medium2025-08-02
CVE-2025-54386 Traefik's Client Plugin is Vulnerable to Path Traversal, Arbitrary File Overwrites and Remote Code Execution — traefik 9.8 -2025-08-01
CVE-2013-10063 Netgear SPH200D <= 1.0.4.80 Path Traversal via HTTP GET — SPH200D 6.5 -2025-08-01
CVE-2013-10062 Linksys Routers apply.cgi Path Traversal — E1500 6.5 -2025-08-01
CVE-2013-10046 Agnitum Outpost Internet Security Local Privilege Escalation — Outpost Internet Security 8.4 -2025-08-01
CVE-2025-8480 Alpine iLX-507 Command Injection Remote Code Execution — iLX-507 8.8 -2025-08-01
CVE-2025-8433 code-projects Document Management System dell.php unlink path traversal — Document Management System 5.4 Medium2025-08-01
CVE-2025-8426 Marvell QConvergeConsole compressConfigFiles Directory Traversal Information Disclosure and Denial-of-Service Vulnerability — QConvergeConsole 9.1AICriticalAI2025-07-31
CVE-2014-125125 A10 Networks AX Loadbalancer Path Traversal — AX Series Loadbalancer 9.1AICriticalAI2025-07-31
CVE-2025-8151 HT Mega – Absolute Addons For Elementor <= 2.9.1 - Authenticated (Author+) Path Traversal to Limited Arbitrary CSS File Actions — HT Mega Addons for Elementor – Elementor Widgets & Template Builder 4.3 Medium2025-07-31
CVE-2025-41396 Alfasado PowerCMS 路径遍历漏洞 — PowerCMS 5.4 Medium2025-07-31
CVE-2025-46359 Alfasado PowerCMS 路径遍历漏洞 — PowerCMS 7.2 High2025-07-31
CVE-2025-8343 openviglet shio ShStaticFileAPI.java shStaticFilePreUpload path traversal — shio 4.3 Medium2025-07-31
CVE-2025-54433 Bugsink is vulnerable to Path Traversal attacks via event_id in ingestion — bugsink 8.3AIHighAI2025-07-30
CVE-2025-53081 SAMSUNG DMS 安全漏洞 — Data Management Server 6.4 Medium2025-07-29
CVE-2025-53080 SAMSUNG DMS 安全漏洞 — Data Management Server 7.1 High2025-07-29
CVE-2025-6989 Kallyas <= 4.21.0 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Arbitrary Folder Deletion — KALLYAS - Creative eCommerce Multi-Purpose WordPress Theme 8.1 High2025-07-26
CVE-2025-52452 Salesforce Tableau 安全漏洞 — Tableau Server 7.5 -2025-07-25
CVE-2025-8132 yanyutao0402 ChanCMS utils.js delfile path traversal — ChanCMS 5.4 Medium2025-07-25
CVE-2025-7640 hiWeb Export Posts <= 0.9.0.0 - Cross-Site Request Forgery to Arbitrary File Deletion — hiWeb Export Posts 8.1 High2025-07-24
CVE-2010-10012 httpdASM 0.92 Path Traversal — httpdasm 7.5 -2025-07-23
CVE-2018-25113 Dicoogle PACS Web Server 2.5.0 Unauthenticated Path Traversal — PACS Web Server 7.5 -2025-07-23
CVE-2025-54438 SAMSUNG MagicINFO 9 Server 安全漏洞 — MagicINFO 9 Server 9.8 Critical2025-07-23
CVE-2025-54443 SAMSUNG MagicINFO 9 Server 安全漏洞 — MagicINFO 9 Server 9.8 Critical2025-07-23

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3485 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.