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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3485

3485 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2025-55214 Copier safe template has filesystem write access outside destination path — copier 7.5AIHighAI2025-08-18
CVE-2025-55201 Copier safe template has arbitrary filesystem read/write access — copier 9.8AICriticalAI2025-08-18
CVE-2025-3671 WPGYM - Wordpress Gym Management System <= 67.7.0 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Local File Inclusion to Privilege Escalation via Password Update — WPGYM - Wordpress Gym Management System 8.8 High2025-08-16
CVE-2025-7641 Assistant for NextGEN Gallery <= 1.0.9 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary Directory Deletion — Assistant for NextGEN Gallery 7.5 High2025-08-15
CVE-2025-54715 WordPress Barcode Scanner with Inventory & Order Manager Plugin <= 1.9.0 - Arbitrary File Download Vulnerability — Barcode Scanner with Inventory & Order Manager 4.9 Medium2025-08-14
CVE-2025-34154 UnForm Server Manager < 10.1.12 Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read — UnForm Server Manager 8.6AIHighAI2025-08-13
CVE-2011-10009 S40 CMS 0.4.2 Path Traversal — S40 CMS 7.5AIHighAI2025-08-13
CVE-2011-10010 QuickShare File Server 1.2.1 Path Traversal RCE — QuickShare File Server 7.5AIHighAI2025-08-13
CVE-2025-23304 NVIDIA NeMo library 路径遍历漏洞 — NVIDIA NeMo Framework 7.8 High2025-08-13
CVE-2025-8941 Linux-pam: incomplete fix for cve-2025-6020 7.8 High2025-08-13
CVE-2025-0818 Multiple elFinder Plugins <= (Various Versions) - Directory Traversal to Arbitrary File Deletion — File Manager Pro – Filester 6.5 Medium2025-08-13
CVE-2024-52964 Fortinet FortiManager和Fortinet FortiManager Cloud 路径遍历漏洞 — FortiManager 5.2 Medium2025-08-12
CVE-2025-49559 Adobe Commerce | Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') (CWE-22) — Adobe Commerce 5.3 Medium2025-08-12
CVE-2025-55011 Kanboard Path Traversal in File Write via Task File Upload Api — kanboard 6.4 Medium2025-08-12
CVE-2025-8081 Elementor <= 3.30.2 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary File Read via Image Import — Elementor Website Builder – more than just a page builder 4.9 Medium2025-08-12
CVE-2025-5391 WooCommerce Purchase Orders <= 1.0.2 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion — Purchase Orders for WooCommerce 8.1 High2025-08-12
CVE-2025-42946 Directory Traversal vulnerability in SAP S/4HANA (Bank Communication Management) — SAP S/4HANA (Bank Communication Management) 6.9 Medium2025-08-12
CVE-2025-8815 猫宁i Morning Shiro Configuration index path traversal — Morning 7.3 High2025-08-10
CVE-2025-8753 linlinjava litemall File delete path traversal — litemall 5.4 Medium2025-08-09
CVE-2025-55149 Path Traversal Vulnerability in PDF Review Function (CWE-22) — tiny-scientist 7.5 -2025-08-09
CVE-2012-10048 Zenoss 3.x showDaemonXMLConfig Command Execution — Zenoss Core 8.8 -2025-08-08
CVE-2025-8356 Path Traversal leading to RCE — FreeFlow Core 9.8 Critical2025-08-08
CVE-2025-8729 MigoXLab LMeterX upload_service.py process_cert_files path traversal — LMeterX 6.3 Medium2025-08-08
CVE-2025-8749 Path traversal vulnerability in MiR robot software via API requests — MiR Robots 6.5 Medium2025-08-08
CVE-2025-54959 Mubit Powered BLUE 870 路径遍历漏洞 — Powered BLUE 870 7.5 -2025-08-08
CVE-2025-29865 TAGFREE X‑Free Uploader 安全漏洞 — X-Free Uploader 6.5AIMediumAI2025-08-07
CVE-2025-48394 Eaton Rack PDU G4 安全漏洞 — G4 PDU 4.7 Medium2025-08-06
CVE-2025-54653 Huawei HarmonyOS 安全漏洞 — HarmonyOS 8.4 High2025-08-06
CVE-2025-54652 Huawei HarmonyOS 安全漏洞 — HarmonyOS 8.4 High2025-08-06
CVE-2012-10024 XBMC ≤ 11.0 Web Server Path Traversal — Media Center 7.7AIHighAI2025-08-05

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3485 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.