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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3484

3484 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2025-9217 Slider Revolution <= 6.7.36 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Arbitrary File Read via 'used_svg' and 'used_images' — Slider Revolution 6.5 Medium2025-08-29
CVE-2025-54029 WordPress WooCommerce csv import export Plugin <= 2.0.6 - Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — WooCommerce csv import export 7.7 High2025-08-28
CVE-2025-53588 WordPress UPC/EAN/GTIN Code Generator Plugin <= 2.0.2 - Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — UPC/EAN/GTIN Code Generator 7.7 High2025-08-28
CVE-2025-58072 DOS & CO SS1 路径遍历漏洞 — SS1 7.5 -2025-08-28
CVE-2025-54819 DOS & CO SS1 路径遍历漏洞 — SS1 8.1 -2025-08-28
CVE-2025-9345 File Manager, Code Editor, and Backup by Managefy <= 1.4.8 - Authenticated (Admin+) Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Download — File Manager, Code Editor, and Backup by Managefy 4.9 Medium2025-08-28
CVE-2024-13982 SPON IP Network Intercom System rj_get_token.php Arbitrary File Read — SPON IP Network Broadcast System 9.1AICriticalAI2025-08-27
CVE-2025-20344 Cisco Nexus Dashboard Path Traversal Vulnerability — Cisco Nexus Dashboard 6.5 Medium2025-08-27
CVE-2025-53120 Securden Unified PAM Path Traversal In File Upload — Unified PAM 9.4 Critical2025-08-25
CVE-2025-9409 lostvip-com ruoyi-go CommonController.go DownloadUpload path traversal — ruoyi-go 4.3 Medium2025-08-25
CVE-2025-8562 Custom Query Shortcode <= 0.4.0 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Path Traversal via lens Parameter — Custom Query Shortcode 6.5 Medium2025-08-25
CVE-2025-9118 Dataform Path Traversal — Dataform 9.1AICriticalAI2025-08-25
CVE-2025-52450 Salesforce Tableau Server 安全漏洞 — Tableau Server 6.5AIMediumAI2025-08-22
CVE-2010-20109 Barracuda Spam & Virus Firewall "locale" Path Traversal — Spam & Virus Firewall 9.1AICriticalAI2025-08-21
CVE-2025-6465 Path traversal in image upload with preview overwrite — Mattermost 4.3 Medium2025-08-21
CVE-2025-57753 vite-plugin-static-copy files not included in `src` are accessible with a crafted request — vite-plugin-static-copy 7.5 -2025-08-21
CVE-2025-8023 Path Traversal in Template Upload Allows Uploading Files Outside Target Directory — Mattermost 6.8 Medium2025-08-21
CVE-2025-8895 WP Webhooks <= 3.3.5 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Copy — WP Webhooks – Automate repetitive tasks by creating powerful automation workflows directly within WordPress 9.8 Critical2025-08-21
CVE-2025-36530 Import Path Traversal Enables Unauthorized Unsigned Plugin Installation — Mattermost 6.8 Medium2025-08-21
CVE-2025-53505 Group Office 路径遍历漏洞 — Group-Office 7.5 -2025-08-21
CVE-2012-10061 Sockso Music Host Server <= 1.5 Path Traversal — Music Host Server 7.5AIHighAI2025-08-20
CVE-2025-54927 Schneider Electric EcoStruxure Power Monitoring Expert和EcoStruxure Power Operation AdvancedReporting and Dashboards Module 路径遍历漏洞 — EcoStruxure™ Power Monitoring Expert (PME) 4.9 Medium2025-08-20
CVE-2025-54926 Schneider Electric EcoStruxure Power Monitoring Expert和Schneider Electric EcoStruxure Power Operation 路径遍历漏洞 — EcoStruxure™ Power Monitoring Expert (PME) 7.2 High2025-08-20
CVE-2025-47650 WordPress Infility Global <= 2.15.06 - Arbitrary File Download vulnerability — Infility Global 6.5 Medium2025-08-20
CVE-2025-48158 WordPress BuddyPress XProfile Custom Image Field Plugin <= 3.0.1 - Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — BuddyPress XProfile Custom Image Field 8.6 High2025-08-20
CVE-2025-54021 WordPress Simple File List plugin <= 6.1.14 - Arbitrary File Download vulnerability — Simple File List 7.5 High2025-08-20
CVE-2025-8141 Redirection for Contact Form 7 <= 3.2.4 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion — Redirection for Contact Form 7 8.8 High2025-08-20
CVE-2025-55295 qBit Manage Path Traversal Vulnerability — qbit_manage 6.5 Medium2025-08-19
CVE-2025-55282 aiven-db-migrate allows Privilege Escalation via unrestricted search_path during migration — aiven-db-migrate 9.1 Critical2025-08-18
CVE-2025-55214 Copier safe template has filesystem write access outside destination path — copier 7.5AIHighAI2025-08-18

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3484 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.