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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3484

3484 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2025-11016 kalcaddle kodbox index.class.php fileOut path traversal — kodbox 4.3 Medium2025-09-26
CVE-2025-59002 WordPress BM Content Builder Plugin < 3.16.3.3 - Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — BM Content Builder 7.7 High2025-09-26
CVE-2025-10307 Backuply – Backup, Restore, Migrate and Clone <= 1.4.8 - Authenticated (Admin+) Arbitrary File Deletion — Backuply – Backup, Restore, Migrate and Clone 6.5 Medium2025-09-26
CVE-2025-10951 geyang ml-logger server.py log_handler path traversal — ml-logger 7.3 High2025-09-25
CVE-2025-10449 Path Traversal in Saysis Computer Systems' Saysis Web Portal — Saysis Web Portal 8.6 High2025-09-25
CVE-2025-59343 tar-fs has a symlink validation bypass if destination directory is predictable with a specific tarball — tar-fs 7.5AIHighAI2025-09-24
CVE-2025-59825 astral-tokio-tar has a path traversal in tar extraction — tokio-tar 7.5 -2025-09-23
CVE-2025-9963 Path Traversal — P series (P07, P10, P12, P15) 9.8AICriticalAI2025-09-23
CVE-2025-10777 JSC R7 R7-Office Document Server downloadas path traversal — R7-Office Document Server 6.3 Medium2025-09-22
CVE-2025-10766 SeriaWei ZKEACMS EventViewerController.cs Download path traversal — ZKEACMS 4.3 Medium2025-09-21
CVE-2025-9079 Admin RCE via prepackaged plugins by way of misconfigured imports directory — Mattermost 8.0 High2025-09-19
CVE-2025-10709 Four-Faith Water Conservancy Informatization Platform historyDownload.do;otheruserLogin.do;getfile path traversal — Water Conservancy Informatization Platform 5.3 Medium2025-09-19
CVE-2025-10708 Four-Faith Water Conservancy Informatization Platform historyDownload.do;usrlogout.do path traversal — Water Conservancy Informatization Platform 5.3 Medium2025-09-19
CVE-2025-10468 Path Traversal in Beyaz Computer's CityPLus — CityPlus 7.5 High2025-09-19
CVE-2025-59414 Nuxt Client-Side Path Traversal in Nuxt Island Payload Revival — nuxt 3.1 Low2025-09-17
CVE-2025-35430 CISA Thorium insecure downloaded file path validation — Thorium 5.0 Medium2025-09-17
CVE-2025-9215 StoreEngine – Powerful WordPress eCommerce Plugin for Payments, Memberships, Affiliates, Sales & More <= 1.5.0 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Download — StoreEngine — Complete eCommerce Solution with Memberships, Licensing, Affiliates & More 6.5 Medium2025-09-17
CVE-2025-10050 Developer Loggers for Simple History <= 0.5 - Authenticated (Admin+) Local File Inclusion — Developer Loggers for Simple History 6.6 Medium2025-09-17
CVE-2025-59336 Relative Path Traversal in Luanox — luanox 9.1AICriticalAI2025-09-16
CVE-2025-59056 FreePBX vulnerable to unauthenticated Denial of Service — framework 3.8AILowAI2025-09-15
CVE-2025-10472 harry0703 MoneyPrinterTurbo URL video.py stream_video path traversal — MoneyPrinterTurbo 5.3 Medium2025-09-15
CVE-2025-10176 The Hack Repair Guy's Plugin Archiver <= 2.0.4 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary File Deletion — The Hack Repair Guy's Plugin Archiver 7.2 High2025-09-12
CVE-2025-10273 erjinzhi 10OA file.aspx path traversal — 10OA 3.5 Low2025-09-11
CVE-2025-58320 DIALink - Directory Traversal Authentication Bypass Vulnerability — DIALink 7.3 High2025-09-11
CVE-2025-58321 DIALink - Directory Traversal Authentication Bypass Vulnerability — DIALink 10.0 Critical2025-09-11
CVE-2025-9918 Zip Slip in Google SecOps SOAR allows for Remote Code Execution — Google SecOps SOAR 8.8AIHighAI2025-09-11
CVE-2025-9693 User Meta – User Profile Builder and User management plugin <= 3.1.2 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion — User Meta – User Profile Builder and User management plugin 8.0 High2025-09-11
CVE-2025-10245 Display Painéis TGA Galeria rename path traversal — TGA 4.3 Medium2025-09-11
CVE-2025-10236 binary-husky gpt_academic LaTeX File latex_toolbox.py merge_tex_files_ path traversal — gpt_academic 4.3 Medium2025-09-11
CVE-2025-10233 kalcaddle kodbox editor.class.php fileSave path traversal — kodbox 6.3 Medium2025-09-10

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3484 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.