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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3786

3786 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2024-11833 Arbitrary Directory Write via Runbooks Artifact Upload — PlexTrac 7.5 -2024-12-13
CVE-2024-8647 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') in GitLab — GitLab 5.4 Medium2024-12-12
CVE-2024-55659 SiYuan has an arbitrary file write in the host via /api/asset/upload — siyuan 5.4 -2024-12-11
CVE-2024-55658 SiYuan has an arbitrary file read and path traversal via /api/export/exportResources — siyuan 6.5 -2024-12-11
CVE-2024-55657 SiYuan has an arbitrary file read via /api/template/render — siyuan 6.5 -2024-12-11
CVE-2024-49082 Windows File Explorer Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1507 6.8 Medium2024-12-10
CVE-2024-55602 PenDoc vulnerable to Arbitrary File Read on updating and downloading templates using Path Traversal — pwndoc 7.6 High2024-12-10
CVE-2024-45709 SolarWinds Web Help Desk Local File Read Vulnerability — Web Help Desk 5.3 Medium2024-12-10
CVE-2024-53790 WordPress Lenxel Core plugin <= 1.2.8 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability — Lenxel Core for Lenxel(LNX) LMS 7.5 High2024-12-09
CVE-2024-11010 FileOrganizer <= 1.1.4 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Local JavaScript File Inclusion — FileOrganizer – WordPress File Manager 7.2 High2024-12-07
CVE-2024-10516 Swift Performance Lite <= 2.3.7.1 - Unauthenticated Local PHP File Inclusion via 'ajaxify' — Swift Performance Lite 8.1 High2024-12-06
CVE-2024-11585 WP Hide & Security Enhancer <= 2.5.1 - Missing Authorization to Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Contents Deletion — WP Hide & Security Enhancer 7.5 High2024-12-06
CVE-2024-10933 OpenBSD readdir directory traversal — OpenBSD 5.0 Medium2024-12-05
CVE-2024-54132 GitHub CLI allows downloading malicious GitHub Actions workflow artifact to result in path traversal vulnerability — cli 6.5 -2024-12-04
CVE-2024-11952 Classic Addons – WPBakery Page Builder <= 3.0 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Limited Local PHP File Inclusion — Classic Addons – WPBakery Page Builder 7.5 High2024-12-04
CVE-2024-11398 Synology Router Manager 路径遍历漏洞 — Synology Router Manager (SRM) 8.1 High2024-12-04
CVE-2024-46909 WhatsUp Gold WriteDataFile Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — WhatsUp Gold 9.8 Critical2024-12-02
CVE-2024-49360 Path traversal in Sandboxie — Sandboxie 9.2 Critical2024-11-29
CVE-2024-11992 Path traversal vulnerability in Quick.CMS — Quick.CMS 9.1 Critical2024-11-29
CVE-2024-11481 Trellix Enterprise Security Manager 安全漏洞 — Trellix Enterprise Security Manager (ESM) 8.2 High2024-11-29
CVE-2024-52481 WordPress Jobify theme < 4.3.0 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read vulnerability — Jobify 7.5 High2024-11-28
CVE-2024-9669 File Manager Pro – Filester <= 1.8.5 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Local JavaScript File Inclusion — File Manager Pro – Filester 7.2 High2024-11-28
CVE-2024-46939 Game Extension Engine Path Traversal Vulnerability — Game Extension Engine 6.5AIMediumAI2024-11-28
CVE-2024-11667 Zyxel多款产品 路径遍历漏洞 — ATP series firmware 7.5 High2024-11-27
CVE-2024-11219 Otter Blocks – Gutenberg Blocks, Page Builder for Gutenberg Editor & FSE <= 3.0.6 - Unauthetnicated Path Traversal to Arbitrary Image View — Otter Blocks – Gutenberg Blocks, Page Builder for Gutenberg Editor & FSE 5.3 Medium2024-11-27
CVE-2024-53844 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') in labsai/eddi — EDDI 6.3 Medium2024-11-26
CVE-2024-33605 Sharp MFP 安全漏洞 — Multiple MFPs (multifunction printers) 7.5 High2024-11-26
CVE-2024-11664 eNMS TGZ File controller.py multiselect_filtering path traversal — eNMS 8.8 High2024-11-25
CVE-2024-10803 MP3 Sticky Player <= 8.0 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read/Download — MP3 Sticky Player 7.5 High2024-11-23
CVE-2024-7565 SMARTBEAR SoapUI unpackageAll Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — SoapUI 7.8 -2024-11-22

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3786 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.