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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3717

3717 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2024-46977 OpenC3 COSMOS allows a path traversal via screen controller (`GHSL-2024-127`) — cosmos 6.5 -2024-10-02
CVE-2024-44017 WordPress MH Board plugin <= 1.3.2.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability — MH Board 7.5 High2024-10-02
CVE-2024-44030 WordPress Checkout Mestres WP plugin <= 8.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability — Checkout Mestres WP 7.2 High2024-10-02
CVE-2024-47071 OSS Endpoint Manager allows unauthorized access to read system files — endpointman 6.8 Medium2024-10-01
CVE-2024-9224 Hello World <= 2.1.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Read — Hello World 6.5 Medium2024-10-01
CVE-2024-9301 Netflix e2nest 安全漏洞 — E2Nest 6.5AIMediumAI2024-09-27
CVE-2024-7149 Event Manager, Events Calendar, Tickets, Registrations – Eventin <= 4.0.8 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion — Eventin – Event Calendar, Event Registration, Tickets & Booking (AI Powered) 8.8 High2024-09-27
CVE-2024-47292 Huawei HarmonyOS 安全漏洞 — HarmonyOS 6.2 Medium2024-09-27
CVE-2024-8704 Advanced File Manager <= 5.2.8 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Local JavaScript File Inclusion via fma_locale — Advanced File Manager – Ultimate File Manager for WordPress And Document Library Solution 7.2 High2024-09-26
CVE-2024-8291 Concrete CMS Stored XSS in Image Editor Background Color — Concrete CMS 4.8AIMediumAI2024-09-24
CVE-2024-8941 Path Traversal vulnerability on Scriptcase — Scriptcase 7.5 High2024-09-24
CVE-2024-8671 WooEvents <= 4.1.2 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Overwrite — WooEvents - Calendar and Event Booking 9.1 Critical2024-09-24
CVE-2024-43996 WordPress ElementsKit Pro plugin <= 3.6.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability — ElementsKit Pro 6.5 Medium2024-09-23
CVE-2024-9032 SourceCodester Simple Forum-Discussion System index.php path traversal — Simple Forum-Discussion System 6.3 Medium2024-09-20
CVE-2024-8963 Ivanti Cloud Services Appliance 安全漏洞 — CSA (Cloud Services Appliance) 9.4 Critical2024-09-19
CVE-2024-45601 Local file Inclusion via static file serving functionality in Mesop — mesop 7.5 High2024-09-18
CVE-2024-45604 Directory traversal in the file selector widget in contao/core-bundle — contao 4.3 Medium2024-09-17
CVE-2021-27916 Relative Path Traversal / Arbitrary File Deletion in Mautic (GrapesJS Builder) — Mautic 8.1 High2024-09-17
CVE-2024-8752 WebIQ 2.15.9 Runtime on Windows - Directory Traversal Vulnerability — WebIQ 7.5 -2024-09-16
CVE-2024-8876 xiaohe4966 TpMeCMS lang path traversal — TpMeCMS 4.3 Medium2024-09-15
CVE-2024-8875 vedees wcms finder.php path traversal — wcms 5.4 Medium2024-09-15
CVE-2024-8865 composiohq composio api.py path path traversal — composio 3.5 Low2024-09-15
CVE-2024-8782 JFinalCMS edit delete path traversal — JFinalCMS 6.3 Medium2024-09-13
CVE-2024-7961 Rockwell Automation Path Traversal Vulnerability in Pavilion8® — Pavilion8® 9.8AICriticalAI2024-09-12
CVE-2024-8707 云课网络科技有限公司 Yunke Online School System Appadmin.php downfile path traversal — Yunke Online School System 4.3 Medium2024-09-12
CVE-2024-8706 JFinalCMS com.cms.util.TemplateUtils update path traversal — JFinalCMS 4.3 Medium2024-09-11
CVE-2024-8694 JFinalCMS com.cms.controller.admin.TemplateController update path traversal — JFinalCMS 3.8 Low2024-09-11
CVE-2024-7609 Directory Traversal in Vidco Software's VOC TESTER — VOC TESTER 6.5AIMediumAI2024-09-11
CVE-2024-45593 Nix affected by unsafe NAR unpacking — nix 9.1 Critical2024-09-10
CVE-2024-21753 Fortinet FortiClientEMS 路径遍历漏洞 — FortiClientEMS 5.5 Medium2024-09-10

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3717 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.