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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3717

3717 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2024-8585 LEARNING DIGITAL Orca HCM - Arbitrary File Download — Orca HCM 6.5 Medium2024-09-09
CVE-2024-21904 QTS, QuTS hero — QTS 5.9 Medium2024-09-06
CVE-2023-51366 QTS, QuTS hero — QTS 8.7 High2024-09-06
CVE-2024-6445 Authenticated Local File Inclusion (LFI) in DataFlowX's DataDiodeX — DataDiodeX 6.5 -2024-09-06
CVE-2024-45401 stripe-cli Path Traversal vulnerability — stripe-cli 7.6 High2024-09-05
CVE-2024-45074 IBM webMethods Integration directory traversal — webMethods Integration 6.5 Medium2024-09-04
CVE-2024-8410 ABCD ABCD2 otros_sitios.php path traversal — ABCD2 4.3 Medium2024-09-04
CVE-2024-8104 The Ultimate WordPress Toolkit – WP Extended <= 3.0.8 - Directory Traversal to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Download — The Ultimate WordPress Toolkit – WP Extended 8.8 High2024-09-04
CVE-2024-7950 WP Job Portal <= 2.1.6 - Missing Authorization to Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion, Arbitrary Settings Update, and User Creation — WP Job Portal – AI-Powered Recruitment System for Company or Job Board website 9.8 Critical2024-09-04
CVE-2024-45443 Huawei HarmonyOS 安全漏洞 — HarmonyOS 6.1 Medium2024-09-04
CVE-2024-43797 Path Traversal in audiobookshelf — audiobookshelf 6.3 Medium2024-09-02
CVE-2024-42471 Arbitrary File Write via artifact extraction in actions/artifact — toolkit 7.3 High2024-09-02
CVE-2024-43957 WordPress Animated Number Counters plugin <= 1.9 - Editor+ Limited Local File Inclusion vulnerability — Animated Number Counters 6.5 Medium2024-08-29
CVE-2024-43955 WordPress Droip plugin <= 1.1.1 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Download/Deletion vulnerability — Droip 10.0 Critical2024-08-29
CVE-2024-8304 jpress Template Module edit path traversal — jpress 4.7 Medium2024-08-29
CVE-2024-7744 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') in Progress WS_FTP Server — WS_FTP Server 6.5 Medium2024-08-28
CVE-2024-6312 Funnelforms Free <= 3.7.3.2 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary File Deletion — Interactive Contact Form and Multi Step Form Builder with Drag & Drop Editor – Funnelforms Free 6.5 Medium2024-08-28
CVE-2024-4556 Directory traversal vulnerability in NetIQ Access Manager — NetIQ Access Manager 5.7 Medium2024-08-28
CVE-2024-3980 Hitachi Energy MicroSCADA X SYS600 安全漏洞 — MicroSCADA X SYS600 8.8 High2024-08-27
CVE-2024-6789 Path traversal in M-Files API — M-Files Server 6.5AIMediumAI2024-08-27
CVE-2024-8165 Chengdu Everbrite Network Technology BeikeShop export exportZip path traversal — BeikeShop 4.3 Medium2024-08-26
CVE-2024-8163 Chengdu Everbrite Network Technology BeikeShop files destroyFiles path traversal — BeikeShop 5.4 Medium2024-08-26
CVE-2024-45189 Mage AI git content request remote arbitrary file leak 6.5 Medium2024-08-23
CVE-2024-45188 Mage AI file content request remote arbitrary file leak 6.5 Medium2024-08-23
CVE-2023-7260 A path traversal vulnerability has been discovered in OpenText™ CX-E Voice. — CX-E Voice 7.5AIHighAI2024-08-22
CVE-2024-7634 NGINX Agent Vulnerability — NGINX Agent 4.9 Medium2024-08-22
CVE-2024-6141 Windscribe Directory Traversal Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability — Windscribe 7.8AIHighAI2024-08-21
CVE-2024-7603 Logsign Unified SecOps Platform Directory Traversal Arbitrary Directory Deletion Vulnerability — Unified SecOps Platform 8.1AIHighAI2024-08-21
CVE-2024-7602 Logsign Unified SecOps Platform Directory Traversal Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Unified SecOps Platform 6.5AIMediumAI2024-08-21
CVE-2024-7601 Logsign Unified SecOps Platform Directory data_export_delete_all Traversal Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — Unified SecOps Platform 8.1AIHighAI2024-08-21

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3717 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.