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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3432

3432 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2021-47755 Oliver Library Server v5 - Arbitrary File Download — Oliver Library Server 7.5 High2026-01-15
CVE-2025-9142 Local privilege escalation in Harmony SASE Windows Agent — Hramony SASE 7.5 High2026-01-14
CVE-2025-15020 Gotham Block Extra Light <= 1.5.0 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Arbitrary File Read via 'ghostban' Shortcode — Gotham Block Extra Light 6.5 Medium2026-01-14
CVE-2025-14301 Integration Opvius AI for WooCommerce <= 1.3.0 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion/Read via Path Traversal — Integration Opvius AI for WooCommerce 9.8 Critical2026-01-14
CVE-2022-50939 e107 CMS v3.2.1 - Upload Restriction Bypass with Path Traversal File Override — e107 CMS 7.2 High2026-01-13
CVE-2022-50932 Kyocera Command Center RX ECOSYS M2035dn - Directory Traversal File Disclosure (Unauthenticated) — Kyocera Command Center RX 7.5 High2026-01-13
CVE-2022-50890 Owlfiles File Manager 12.0.1 - Path Traversal — Owlfiles File Manager 7.5 High2026-01-13
CVE-2021-47751 CuteEditor for PHP 6.6 - Directory Traversal — CuteEditor 7.5 High2026-01-13
CVE-2021-47749 YouPHPTube <= 7.8 - Directory Traversal — YouPHPTube 5.5 Medium2026-01-13
CVE-2026-22871 GuardDog Path Traversal Vulnerability Leads to Arbitrary File Overwrite and RCE — guarddog 9.8AICriticalAI2026-01-13
CVE-2025-58693 Fortinet FortiVoice 路径遍历漏洞 — FortiVoice 5.7 Medium2026-01-13
CVE-2025-9435 Path Traversal — ManageEngine ADManager Plus 5.5 Medium2026-01-13
CVE-2025-68472 MindsDB has improper sanitation of filepath that leads to information disclosure and DOS — mindsdb 8.1 High2026-01-12
CVE-2025-69267 Spectrum directory path traversal — DX NetOps Spectrum 6.5AIMediumAI2026-01-12
CVE-2026-22685 DevToys Path Traversal (“Zip Slip”) Vulnerability in DevToys Extension Installation — DevToys 8.8 High2026-01-10
CVE-2025-61686 React Router has Path Traversal in File Session Storage — react-router 9.1 Critical2026-01-10
CVE-2025-66051 Path traversal in Vivotek IP7137 cameras — IP7137 8.1 -2026-01-09
CVE-2025-69194 Wget2: arbitrary file write via metalink path traversal in gnu wget2 8.8 High2026-01-09
CVE-2019-25295 WP Cost Estimation < 9.660 - Upload Directory Traversal — WP Cost Estimation & Payment Forms Builder 6.5 Medium2026-01-08
CVE-2017-20212 FLIR Thermal Camera F/FC/PT/D 8.0.0.64 Information Disclosure via File Reading — FLIR Thermal Camera F/FC/PT/D 6.2 Medium2026-01-07
CVE-2026-21851 MONAI has Path Traversal (Zip Slip) in NGC Private Bundle Download — MONAI 5.3 Medium2026-01-07
CVE-2025-68705 RustFS Path Traversal Vulnerability — rustfs 6.5 -2026-01-07
CVE-2026-0669 Path Traversal vulnerability in CSS extension on certain web servers — MediaWiki - CSS extension 7.5 -2026-01-07
CVE-2025-13801 Yoco Payments <= 3.9.0 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read — Yoco Payments 7.5 High2026-01-07
CVE-2025-14867 Flashcard Plugin for WordPress <= 0.9 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Arbitrary File Read via Path Traversal — Flashcard Plugin for WordPress 6.5 Medium2026-01-07
CVE-2020-36909 Secure Computing SnapGear Management Console SG560 3.1.5 Arbitrary File Read/Write — SnapGear Management Console SG560 6.5 Medium2026-01-06
CVE-2025-14997 BuddyPress Xprofile Custom Field Types <= 1.2.8 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion — BuddyPress Xprofile Custom Field Types 8.8 High2026-01-06
CVE-2026-0604 FastDup <= 2.7 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Path Traversal via 'dir_path' REST Parameter — FastDup – Fastest WordPress Migration & Duplicator 6.5 Medium2026-01-06
CVE-2025-69226 AIOHTTP allows for a brute-force leak of internal static filepath components — aiohttp 5.3 -2026-01-05
CVE-2025-68953 Certain Frappe requests are vulnerable to Path Traversal — frappe 7.5 High2026-01-05

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3432 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.