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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3432

3432 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2025-14111 Rarlab RAR App com.rarlab.rar path traversal — RAR App 5.0 Medium2025-12-05
CVE-2025-54160 Synology BeeDrive 路径遍历漏洞 — BeeDrive for desktop 7.8 High2025-12-04
CVE-2025-29846 Synology Router Manager 路径遍历漏洞 — Synology Router Manager (SRM) 7.2 High2025-12-04
CVE-2025-29845 Synology Router Manager 路径遍历漏洞 — Synology Router Manager (SRM) 4.3 Medium2025-12-04
CVE-2025-29844 Synology Router Manager 路径遍历漏洞 — Synology Router Manager (SRM) 4.3 Medium2025-12-04
CVE-2025-29843 Synology Router Manager 路径遍历漏洞 — Synology Router Manager (SRM) 5.4 Medium2025-12-04
CVE-2025-13645 Modula 2.13.1 - 2.13.2 - Authenticated (Author+) Arbitrary File Deletion — Image Gallery – Photo Grid & Video Gallery 7.2 High2025-12-03
CVE-2025-13876 Rareprob HD Video Player All Formats App com.rocks.music.videoplayer path traversal — HD Video Player All Formats App 5.3 Medium2025-12-02
CVE-2025-13875 Yohann0617 oci-helper OCI Configuration Upload OciServiceImpl.java addCfg path traversal — oci-helper 6.3 Medium2025-12-02
CVE-2025-13879 Directory traversal vulnerability in EfficientIP's SOLIDserver IPAM — SOLIDserver IPAM 4.9AIMediumAI2025-12-02
CVE-2025-66410 Gin-vue-admin has an arbitrary file deletion vulnerability — gin-vue-admin 9.1AICriticalAI2025-12-01
CVE-2025-66302 Grav vulnerable to Path Traversal allowing server files backup — grav 6.8 Medium2025-12-01
CVE-2025-66300 Grav is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Read — grav 8.5 High2025-12-01
CVE-2025-66295 Grav vulnerable to Path traversal / arbitrary YAML write via user creation leading to Account Takeover / System Corruption — grav 8.8 High2025-12-01
CVE-2025-66206 Frappe vulnerable to a path traversal allowing reading certain files — frappe 6.8 Medium2025-12-01
CVE-2025-13816 moxi159753 Mogu Blog v2 ZIP File unzipFile FileOperation.unzip path traversal — Mogu Blog v2 6.3 Medium2025-12-01
CVE-2025-13810 jsnjfz WebStack-Guns KaptchaController.java renderPicture path traversal — WebStack-Guns 5.3 Medium2025-12-01
CVE-2025-13791 Scada-LTS Project Import ZIPProjectManager.java Common.getHomeDir path traversal — Scada-LTS 6.3 Medium2025-11-30
CVE-2025-12638 Path Traversal Vulnerability in keras-team/keras via Tar Archive Extraction in keras.utils.get_file() — keras-team/keras 9.1 -2025-11-28
CVE-2025-59890 Eaton Galileo 安全漏洞 — Eaton Galileo Software 7.3 High2025-11-27
CVE-2025-66262 Arbitrary File Overwrite via Tar Extraction Path Traversal — Mozart FM Transmitter 8.1AIHighAI2025-11-26
CVE-2025-66251 Unauthenticated Path Traversal with Arbitrary File Deletion — Mozart FM Transmitter 6.5AIMediumAI2025-11-26
CVE-2025-65952 Console is vulnerable to path traversal regarding custom assets — Console 6.5AIMediumAI2025-11-25
CVE-2025-34350 UnForm Server < 10.1.15 Doc Flow Unauthenticated File Read — UnForm Server 7.5AIHighAI2025-11-25
CVE-2025-59372 ASUS Router 安全漏洞 — Router 4.9AIMediumAI2025-11-25
CVE-2025-59366 ASUS Router 安全漏洞 — Router 9.8AICriticalAI2025-11-25
CVE-2025-34320 BASIS BBj < 25.00 Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read RCE — BASIS BBj 9.1 -2025-11-20
CVE-2025-13435 Dreampie Resty HttpClient HttpClient.java request path traversal — Resty 5.6 Medium2025-11-20
CVE-2025-11001 7-Zip ZIP File Parsing Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — 7-Zip 8.8AIHighAI2025-11-19
CVE-2025-65025 esm.sh CDN service has arbitrary file write via tarslip — esm.sh 8.2 High2025-11-19

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3432 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.