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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3432

3432 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2026-24137 sigstore legacy TUF client allows for arbitrary file writes with target cache path traversal — sigstore 5.8 Medium2026-01-23
CVE-2026-21227 Azure Logic Apps Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Azure Logic Apps 8.2 High2026-01-22
CVE-2026-23954 Incus container image templating arbitrary host file read and write — incus 8.7 High2026-01-22
CVE-2023-7335 EduSoho < 22.4.7 Arbitrary File Read via classroom-course-statistics — EduSoho 7.5AIHighAI2026-01-22
CVE-2025-69097 WordPress WPLMS plugin <= 1.9.9.5.4 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability — WPLMS 8.6 High2026-01-22
CVE-2025-69055 WordPress BM Content Builder plugin < 3.16.3.3 - Arbitrary File Download vulnerability — BM Content Builder 6.5 Medium2026-01-22
CVE-2025-68912 WordPress HDForms plugin <= 1.6.1 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability — HDForms 8.6 High2026-01-22
CVE-2025-68907 WordPress Hostme v2 theme <= 7.0 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability — Hostme v2 7.5 High2026-01-22
CVE-2025-68902 WordPress Anona theme <= 8.0 - Arbitrary File Download vulnerability — Anona 7.5 High2026-01-22
CVE-2025-68901 WordPress Anona theme <= 8.0 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability — Anona 8.6 High2026-01-22
CVE-2025-67963 WordPress Movie Booking plugin <= 1.1.5 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability — Movie Booking 8.6 High2026-01-22
CVE-2025-67684 Remote Code Execution via Local File Inclusion in Quick.Cart — Quick.Cart 7.2AIHighAI2026-01-22
CVE-2026-24049 wheel Allows Arbitrary File Permission Modification via Path Traversal — wheel 7.1 High2026-01-22
CVE-2026-24046 Backstage has a Possible Symlink Path Traversal in Scaffolder Actions — backstage 7.1 High2026-01-21
CVE-2021-47849 Mini Mouse 9.3.0 - Local File inclusion / Path Traversal — Mini Mouse 6.2 Medium2026-01-21
CVE-2021-47850 Mini Mouse 9.2.0 - Path Traversal — Mini Mouse 7.5 High2026-01-21
CVE-2026-23949 jaraco.context Has a Path Traversal Vulnerability — jaraco.context 8.6 High2026-01-20
CVE-2026-22218 Chainlit < 2.9.4 Arbitrary File Read via /project/element — Chainlit 6.5AIMediumAI2026-01-19
CVE-2026-23851 SiYuan Vulnerable to Arbitrary File Read via File Copy Functionality — siyuan 8.1AIHighAI2026-01-19
CVE-2026-23850 SiYuan vulnerable to arbitrary file read — siyuan 6.5AIMediumAI2026-01-19
CVE-2026-23644 esm.sh has path traversal in `extractPackageTarball` that enables file writes from malicious packages — esm.sh 7.1 -2026-01-18
CVE-2026-1111 Sanluan PublicCMS Task Template Management TaskTemplateAdminController.java save path traversal — PublicCMS 4.7 Medium2026-01-18
CVE-2025-13725 Gutenberg Thim Blocks <= 1.0.1 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Arbitrary File Read via 'iconSVG' Parameter — Thim Blocks 6.5 Medium2026-01-17
CVE-2025-12002 Feeds for YouTube Pro <= 2.6.0 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read via Path Traversal — YouTube Feed Pro 5.9 Medium2026-01-17
CVE-2026-23745 node-tar Vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite and Symlink Poisoning via Insufficient Path Sanitization — node-tar 9.1 -2026-01-16
CVE-2026-23535 wlc Path traversal: Unsanitized API slugs in download command — wlc 8.1 High2026-01-16
CVE-2026-22876 TOA TRIFORA 3 Series 路径遍历漏洞 — Multiple Network Cameras TRIFORA 3 series 6.5 -2026-01-16
CVE-2021-47795 GeoVision Geowebserver 5.3.3 - Local FIle Inclusion — GeoVision Geowebserver 6.2 Medium2026-01-15
CVE-2026-22249 Docmost affected by an Arbitrary File Write via Zip Import Feature (ZipSlip) — docmost 7.1 High2026-01-15
CVE-2025-66292 DPanel has an arbitrary file deletion vulnerability in /api/common/attach/delete interface — dpanel 8.1 High2026-01-15

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3432 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.