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CWE-119 (内存缓冲区边界内操作的限制不恰当) — Vulnerability Class 1064

1064 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-119 (内存缓冲区边界内操作的限制不恰当). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-119 represents a critical memory safety weakness where software performs read or write operations beyond the intended boundaries of a memory buffer. This flaw typically arises from insufficient validation of input lengths or loop counters, allowing attackers to manipulate program execution flow. By crafting malicious inputs that exceed buffer limits, adversaries can overwrite adjacent memory, corrupt data structures, or inject executable code, often leading to remote code execution or system crashes. Developers mitigate this risk by implementing rigorous bounds checking before any memory access, utilizing safe string handling functions that enforce length limits, and adopting modern programming languages with automatic memory management. Additionally, employing static analysis tools and fuzzing techniques during development helps identify out-of-bounds accesses early, ensuring that all buffer operations remain strictly within allocated memory regions to prevent exploitation.

MITRE CWE Description
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
Common Consequences (3)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Modify Memory
If the memory accessible by the attacker can be effectively controlled, it may be possible to execute arbitrary code, as with a standard buffer overflow. If the attacker can overwrite a pointer's worth of memory (usually 32 or 64 bits), they can alter the intended control flow by redirecting a funct…
Availability, ConfidentialityRead Memory, DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, DoS: Resource Consumption (CPU), DoS: Resource Consumption (Memory)
Out of bounds memory access will very likely result in the corruption of relevant memory, and perhaps instructions, possibly leading to a crash. Other attacks leading to lack of availability are possible, including putting the program into an infinite loop.
ConfidentialityRead Memory
In the case of an out-of-bounds read, the attacker may have access to sensitive information. If the sensitive information contains system details, such as the current buffer's position in memory, this knowledge can be used to craft further attacks, possibly with more severe consequences.
Mitigations (5)
RequirementsUse a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer. Be wary that a lan…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Operation, Build and CompilationUse automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking. D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses…
Effectiveness: Defense in Depth
ImplementationConsider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory: Double check that the buffer is as large as specified. When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string. Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a…
Operation, Build and CompilationRun or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code. Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported…
Effectiveness: Defense in Depth
Examples (2)
This example takes an IP address from a user, verifies that it is well formed and then looks up the hostname and copies it into a buffer.
void host_lookup(char *user_supplied_addr){ struct hostent *hp; in_addr_t *addr; char hostname[64]; in_addr_t inet_addr(const char *cp); /*routine that ensures user_supplied_addr is in the right format for conversion */ validate_addr_form(user_supplied_addr); addr = inet_addr(user_supplied_addr); hp = gethostbyaddr( addr, sizeof(struct in_addr), AF_INET); strcpy(hostname, hp->h_name); }
Bad · C
This example applies an encoding procedure to an input string and stores it into a buffer.
char * copy_input(char *user_supplied_string){ int i, dst_index; char *dst_buf = (char*)malloc(4*sizeof(char) * MAX_SIZE); if ( MAX_SIZE <= strlen(user_supplied_string) ){ die("user string too long, die evil hacker!"); } dst_index = 0; for ( i = 0; i < strlen(user_supplied_string); i++ ){ if( '&' == user_supplied_string[i] ){ dst_buf[dst_index++] = '&'; dst_buf[dst_index++] = 'a'; dst_buf[dst_index++] = 'm'; dst_buf[dst_index++] = 'p'; dst_buf[dst_index++] = ';'; } else if ('<' == user_supplied_string[i] ){ /* encode to &lt; */ } else dst_buf[dst_index++] = user_supplied_string[i]; } return ds
Bad · C
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2021-3489 Linux kernel eBPF RINGBUF map oversized allocation — Linux kernel 7.8 High2021-06-04
CVE-2020-15782 Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU和SIMATIC S7-1500 缓冲区错误漏洞 — SIMATIC Drive Controller family 9.1 -2021-05-28
CVE-2021-30499 libcaca 缓冲区错误漏洞 — libcaca 7.8 -2021-05-26
CVE-2021-30472 Sourceforge PoDoFo 缓冲区错误漏洞 — podofo 7.8 -2021-05-26
CVE-2021-3561 Xfig fig2dev 缓冲区错误漏洞 — fig2dev 7.1 -2021-05-26
CVE-2021-3549 GNU Binutils 缓冲区错误漏洞 — binutils 8.1 -2021-05-26
CVE-2021-22705 Schneider Electric 缓冲区错误漏洞 — Harmony HMI Products Configured by Vijeo Designer (all versions prior to V6.2 SP11 ) or EcoStruxure Machine Expert (all versions prior to V2.0) 7.8 -2021-05-26
CVE-2020-27815 Linux kernel 缓冲区错误漏洞 — Linux Kernel 7.8 -2021-05-26
CVE-2021-22543 Improper memory handling in Linux KVM — Linux Kernel 7.8 -2021-05-26
CVE-2021-3559 Red Hat libvirt 缓冲区错误漏洞 — libvirt 6.5 -2021-05-24
CVE-2021-29575 Overflow/denial of service in `tf.raw_ops.ReverseSequence` — tensorflow 2.5 Low2021-05-14
CVE-2021-29576 Heap buffer overflow in `MaxPool3DGradGrad` — tensorflow 2.5 Low2021-05-14
CVE-2021-29577 Heap buffer overflow in `AvgPool3DGrad` — tensorflow 2.5 Low2021-05-14
CVE-2021-29578 Heap buffer overflow in `FractionalAvgPoolGrad` — tensorflow 2.5 Low2021-05-14
CVE-2021-29579 Heap buffer overflow in `MaxPoolGrad` — tensorflow 2.5 Low2021-05-14
CVE-2021-20988 Hilscher rcX RTOS: Wrong handling of the UDP checksum — rcX RTOS 8.6 High2021-05-13
CVE-2021-27397 Siemens Tecnomatix Plant Simulation 缓冲区错误漏洞 — Tecnomatix Plant Simulation 7.8 -2021-05-12
CVE-2020-28600 Torsten Paul Openscad 缓冲区错误漏洞 — Openscad 7.8 -2021-05-10
CVE-2021-3507 QEMU 缓冲区错误漏洞 — QEMU 5.1 -2021-05-06
CVE-2021-20204 Homebrew Formulae libgetdata 缓冲区错误漏洞 — getdata 9.8 -2021-05-06
CVE-2021-1521 Cisco Video Surveillance 8000 Series IP Cameras Cisco Discovery Protocol Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco Video Surveillance 8000 Series IP Cameras 6.5 Medium2021-05-06
CVE-2021-1511 Cisco SD-WAN vEdge Software Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities — Cisco SD-WAN vEdge router 7.5 High2021-05-06
CVE-2021-1510 Cisco SD-WAN vEdge Software Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities — Cisco SD-WAN vEdge router 7.5 High2021-05-06
CVE-2021-1509 Cisco SD-WAN vEdge Software Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities — Cisco SD-WAN vEdge router 7.5 High2021-05-06
CVE-2021-1402 Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software SSL Decryption Policy Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software 8.6 -2021-04-29
CVE-2021-0242 Junos OS: EX4300: FPC crash upon receipt of specific frames on an interface without L2PT or dot1x configured — Junos OS 6.5 Medium2021-04-22
CVE-2021-0227 Junos OS: SRX Series: Denial of Service in J-Web upon receipt of crafted HTTP packets — Junos OS 7.5 High2021-04-22
CVE-2021-3496 jhead 缓冲区错误漏洞 — jhead 7.8 -2021-04-22
CVE-2021-3498 GStreamer 缓冲区错误漏洞 — gstreamer-plugins-good 7.8 -2021-04-19
CVE-2021-21784 Accusoft ImageGear 缓冲区错误漏洞 — Accusoft 8.8 -2021-04-13

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-119 (内存缓冲区边界内操作的限制不恰当) represent 1064 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.