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CWE-119 (内存缓冲区边界内操作的限制不恰当) — Vulnerability Class 1064

1064 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-119 (内存缓冲区边界内操作的限制不恰当). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-119 represents a critical memory safety weakness where software performs read or write operations beyond the intended boundaries of a memory buffer. This flaw typically arises from insufficient validation of input lengths or loop counters, allowing attackers to manipulate program execution flow. By crafting malicious inputs that exceed buffer limits, adversaries can overwrite adjacent memory, corrupt data structures, or inject executable code, often leading to remote code execution or system crashes. Developers mitigate this risk by implementing rigorous bounds checking before any memory access, utilizing safe string handling functions that enforce length limits, and adopting modern programming languages with automatic memory management. Additionally, employing static analysis tools and fuzzing techniques during development helps identify out-of-bounds accesses early, ensuring that all buffer operations remain strictly within allocated memory regions to prevent exploitation.

MITRE CWE Description
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
Common Consequences (3)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Modify Memory
If the memory accessible by the attacker can be effectively controlled, it may be possible to execute arbitrary code, as with a standard buffer overflow. If the attacker can overwrite a pointer's worth of memory (usually 32 or 64 bits), they can alter the intended control flow by redirecting a funct…
Availability, ConfidentialityRead Memory, DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, DoS: Resource Consumption (CPU), DoS: Resource Consumption (Memory)
Out of bounds memory access will very likely result in the corruption of relevant memory, and perhaps instructions, possibly leading to a crash. Other attacks leading to lack of availability are possible, including putting the program into an infinite loop.
ConfidentialityRead Memory
In the case of an out-of-bounds read, the attacker may have access to sensitive information. If the sensitive information contains system details, such as the current buffer's position in memory, this knowledge can be used to craft further attacks, possibly with more severe consequences.
Mitigations (5)
RequirementsUse a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer. Be wary that a lan…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Operation, Build and CompilationUse automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking. D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses…
Effectiveness: Defense in Depth
ImplementationConsider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory: Double check that the buffer is as large as specified. When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string. Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a…
Operation, Build and CompilationRun or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code. Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported…
Effectiveness: Defense in Depth
Examples (2)
This example takes an IP address from a user, verifies that it is well formed and then looks up the hostname and copies it into a buffer.
void host_lookup(char *user_supplied_addr){ struct hostent *hp; in_addr_t *addr; char hostname[64]; in_addr_t inet_addr(const char *cp); /*routine that ensures user_supplied_addr is in the right format for conversion */ validate_addr_form(user_supplied_addr); addr = inet_addr(user_supplied_addr); hp = gethostbyaddr( addr, sizeof(struct in_addr), AF_INET); strcpy(hostname, hp->h_name); }
Bad · C
This example applies an encoding procedure to an input string and stores it into a buffer.
char * copy_input(char *user_supplied_string){ int i, dst_index; char *dst_buf = (char*)malloc(4*sizeof(char) * MAX_SIZE); if ( MAX_SIZE <= strlen(user_supplied_string) ){ die("user string too long, die evil hacker!"); } dst_index = 0; for ( i = 0; i < strlen(user_supplied_string); i++ ){ if( '&' == user_supplied_string[i] ){ dst_buf[dst_index++] = '&'; dst_buf[dst_index++] = 'a'; dst_buf[dst_index++] = 'm'; dst_buf[dst_index++] = 'p'; dst_buf[dst_index++] = ';'; } else if ('<' == user_supplied_string[i] ){ /* encode to &lt; */ } else dst_buf[dst_index++] = user_supplied_string[i]; } return ds
Bad · C
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2021-1480 Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software Vulnerabilities — Cisco SD-WAN Solution 7.8 High2021-04-08
CVE-2021-1479 Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software Vulnerabilities — Cisco SD-WAN Solution 7.8 High2021-04-08
CVE-2021-1473 Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Vulnerabilities — Cisco Small Business RV Series Router Firmware 5.3 Medium2021-04-08
CVE-2021-1472 Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Vulnerabilities — Cisco Small Business RV Series Router Firmware 5.3 Medium2021-04-08
CVE-2021-1459 Cisco Small Business RV110W, RV130, RV130W, and RV215W Routers Management Interface Remote Command Execution Vulnerability — Cisco Small Business RV Series Router Firmware 9.8 Critical2021-04-08
CVE-2021-1309 Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Link Layer Discovery Protocol Vulnerabilities — Cisco Small Business RV Series Router Firmware 7.4 High2021-04-08
CVE-2021-1308 Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Link Layer Discovery Protocol Vulnerabilities — Cisco Small Business RV Series Router Firmware 7.4 High2021-04-08
CVE-2021-1251 Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Link Layer Discovery Protocol Vulnerabilities — Cisco Small Business RV Series Router Firmware 7.4 High2021-04-08
CVE-2021-1137 Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software Vulnerabilities — Cisco SD-WAN Solution 7.8 High2021-04-08
CVE-2021-3470 Redis Labs Redis 多款产品缓冲区错误漏洞 — redis 5.3 -2021-03-31
CVE-2021-20284 GNU Binutils 缓冲区错误漏洞 — binutils 5.5 -2021-03-26
CVE-2021-20285 Fedora 缓冲区错误漏洞 — upx 7.8 -2021-03-26
CVE-2021-1451 Cisco IOS XE Software Easy Virtual Switching System Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability — Cisco IOS XE Software 8.1 High2021-03-24
CVE-2021-1433 Cisco IOS XE SD-WAN Software vDaemon Buffer Overflow Vulnerability — Cisco IOS XE Software 8.1 High2021-03-24
CVE-2021-3409 QEMU 缓冲区错误漏洞 — QEMU 8.2 -2021-03-23
CVE-2021-22709 Schneider Electric Interactive Graphical SCADA System 缓冲区错误漏洞 — Interactive Graphical SCADA System (IGSS) Definition (Def.exe) V15.0.0.21041 and prior 7.8 -2021-03-11
CVE-2021-22710 Schneider Electric Interactive Graphical SCADA System 缓冲区错误漏洞 — Interactive Graphical SCADA System (IGSS) Definition (Def.exe) V15.0.0.21041 and prior 7.8 -2021-03-11
CVE-2021-22712 Schneider Electric Interactive Graphical SCADA System 缓冲区错误漏洞 — Interactive Graphical SCADA System (IGSS) Definition (Def.exe) V15.0.0.21041 and prior 7.8 -2021-03-11
CVE-2021-22711 Schneider Electric Interactive Graphical SCADA System 缓冲区错误漏洞 — Interactive Graphical SCADA System (IGSS) Definition (Def.exe) V15.0.0.21041 and prior 7.8 -2021-03-11
CVE-2021-22713 Schneider Electric PowerLogic 缓冲区错误漏洞 — PowerLogic ION8650, ION8800, ION7650, ION7700/73xx, and ION83xx/84xx/85xx/8600 (see security notifcation for affected versions) 7.5 -2021-03-11
CVE-2021-22714 Schneider Electric PowerLogic 缓冲区错误漏洞 — PowerLogic ION7400, PM8000 and ION9000 (All versions prior to V3.0.0) 9.8 -2021-03-11
CVE-2020-35522 LibTIFF 缓冲区错误漏洞 — libtiff 5.5 -2021-03-09
CVE-2020-35521 Silicon Graphics LibTIFF 缓冲区错误漏洞 — libtiff 5.5 -2021-03-09
CVE-2021-20276 Privoxy 缓冲区错误漏洞 — privoxy 7.5 -2021-03-09
CVE-2021-20275 Privoxy 缓冲区错误漏洞 — privoxy 7.5 -2021-03-09
CVE-2021-3404 ytnef 缓冲区错误漏洞 — ytnef 7.8 -2021-03-04
CVE-2021-3410 libcaca 输入验证错误漏洞 — libcaca 7.8 -2021-02-23
CVE-2020-25690 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 缓冲区错误漏洞 — fontforge 8.8 -2021-02-23
CVE-2020-27874 Tencent WeChat 缓冲区错误漏洞 — WeChat 8.8 -2021-02-10
CVE-2020-13561 Accusoft ImageGear 缓冲区错误漏洞 — Accusoft 8.8 -2021-02-10

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-119 (内存缓冲区边界内操作的限制不恰当) represent 1064 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.