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CVE-2026-43999— vm2: NodeVM builtin allowlist bypass via `module` builtin's `Module._load` allows sandbox escape

CVSS 9.9 · Critical EPSS 0.16% · P36

Affected Version Matrix 1

VendorProductVersion RangeStatus
patriksimekvm2< 3.11.0affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-43999

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
vm2: NodeVM builtin allowlist bypass via `module` builtin's `Module._load` allows sandbox escape
Source: NVD (National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, NodeVM's builtin allowlist can be bypassed when the module builtin is allowed (including via the '*' wildcard). The module builtin exposes Node's Module._load(), which loads any module by name directly in the host context, completely bypassing vm2's builtin restriction. This allows sandboxed code to load excluded builtins like child_process and achieve remote code execution. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.
Source: NVD (National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source: NVD (National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
授权机制不正确
Source: NVD (National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Title
vm2 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
vm2是捷克Patrik Simek个人开发者的一个 Node.js 的高级虚拟机/沙盒。以使用列入白名单的 Node 内置模块运行不受信任的代码。 vm2 3.11.0之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于当允许builtin模块时NodeVM的内置白名单可被绕过，module builtin暴露Node的Module._load函数，允许沙箱代码直接加载排除的内置模块，可能导致远程代码执行。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

VendorProductAffected VersionsCPESubscribe
patriksimekvm2 < 3.11.0 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-43999

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-43999

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Same Patch Batch · patriksimek · 2026-05-13 · 14 CVEs total

CVE-2026-4399710.0 CRITICALvm2: Sandbox Escape
CVE-2026-4400510.0 CRITICALvm2: Sandbox escape
CVE-2026-4400610.0 CRITICALvm2: Sandbox Escape
CVE-2026-454119.8 CRITICALvm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Async Generator
CVE-2026-440099.8 CRITICALvm2: Sandbox Breakout Through Null Proto Exception
CVE-2026-440089.8 CRITICALvm2: Snabox breakout via `neutralizeArraySpeciesBatch`
CVE-2026-440079.1 CRITICALvm2: nesting: true bypasses require: false, allowing sandbox escape to arbitrary OS comman
CVE-2026-440018.6 HIGHvm2: Sandbox Escape via Promise Constructor Unhandled Rejection (Process Crash DoS)
CVE-2026-439988.5 HIGHvm2: NodeVM require.root bypass via symlink traversal allows sandbox escape
CVE-2026-440047.5 HIGHvm2: Host Process OOM DoS via Buffer.alloc (Timeout Bypass)
CVE-2026-440006.5 MEDIUMvm2: sandbox boundary bypass via host Promise resolution preserving host object identity
CVE-2026-440025.8 MEDIUMvm2: Host File Path Disclosure via Stack Trace Information Leak
CVE-2026-440035.3 MEDIUMvm2: Transformer Fast-Path Bypass Exposes Internal State Variable

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: vm2
Same vendor: patriksimek
Same weakness: CWE-863

V. Comments for CVE-2026-43999

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