Goal Reached Thanks to every supporter — we hit 100%!

Goal: 1000 CNY · Raised: 1000 CNY

100.0%
Buy Us a Coffee

CWE-78 (OS命令中使用的特殊元素转义处理不恰当(OS命令注入)) — Vulnerability Class 2740

2740 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-78 (OS命令中使用的特殊元素转义处理不恰当(OS命令注入)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-78 represents a critical input validation weakness where software constructs operating system commands using untrusted external data without proper sanitization. Attackers typically exploit this by injecting malicious shell metacharacters, such as semicolons or pipes, into user-supplied fields like form inputs or URL parameters. This manipulation allows the attacker to alter the intended command structure, enabling arbitrary code execution, data exfiltration, or complete system compromise. To mitigate this risk, developers must strictly avoid passing user input directly to OS command interpreters. Instead, they should utilize safe, language-specific APIs that do not invoke the shell, or implement rigorous input validation and parameterization techniques. By treating all external data as inherently untrusted and applying strict allow-list filtering, organizations can effectively neutralize special elements and prevent command injection vulnerabilities.

MITRE CWE Description
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component. This weakness can lead to a vulnerability in environments in which the attacker does not have direct access to the operating system, such as in web applications. Alternately, if the weakness occurs in a privileged program, it could allow the attacker to specify commands that normally would not be accessible, or to call alternate commands with privileges that the attacker does not have. The problem is exacerbated if the compromised process does not follow the principle of least privilege, because the attacker-controlled commands may run with special system privileges that increases the amount of damage. There are at least two subtypes of OS command injection: The application intends to execute a single, fixed program that is under its own control. It intends to use externally-supplied inputs as arguments to that program. For example, the program might use system("nslookup [HOSTNAME]") to run nslookup and allow the user to supply a HOSTNAME, which is used as an argument. Attackers cannot prevent nslookup from executing. However, if the program does not remove command separators from the HOSTNAME argument, attackers could place the separators into the arguments, which allows them to execute their own program afte…
Common Consequences (1)
Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Non-RepudiationExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands, DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, Read Files or Directories, Modify Files or Directories, Read Application Data, Modify Application Data, Hide Activities
Attackers could execute unauthorized operating system commands, which could then be used to disable the product, or read and modify data for which the attacker does not have permissions to access directly. Since the targeted application is directly executing the commands instead of the attacker, any…
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and DesignIf at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Architecture and Design, OperationRun the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software. OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For ex…
Effectiveness: Limited
Architecture and DesignFor any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
Examples (2)
This example code intends to take the name of a user and list the contents of that user's home directory. It is subject to the first variant of OS command injection.
$userName = $_POST["user"]; $command = 'ls -l /home/' . $userName; system($command);
Bad · PHP
;rm -rf /
Attack
The following simple program accepts a filename as a command line argument and displays the contents of the file back to the user. The program is installed setuid root because it is intended for use as a learning tool to allow system administrators in-training to inspect privileged system files without giving them the ability to modify them or damage the system.
int main(int argc, char** argv) { char cmd[CMD_MAX] = "/usr/bin/cat "; strcat(cmd, argv[1]); system(cmd); }
Bad · C
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2025-43908 Dell PowerProtect Data Domain 操作系统命令注入漏洞 — PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release 6.4 Medium2025-10-07
CVE-2025-43911 Dell PowerProtect Data Domain 操作系统命令注入漏洞 — Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release 6.7 Medium2025-10-07
CVE-2025-43906 Dell PowerProtect Data Domain 操作系统命令注入漏洞 — PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release 6.7 Medium2025-10-07
CVE-2025-43890 Dell PowerProtect Data Domain 操作系统命令注入漏洞 — PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release 6.7 Medium2025-10-07
CVE-2025-54404 Planet WGR-500 安全漏洞 — WGR-500 8.8 High2025-10-07
CVE-2025-54403 Planet WGR-500 安全漏洞 — WGR-500 8.8 High2025-10-07
CVE-2025-54406 Planet WGR-500 安全漏洞 — WGR-500 8.8 High2025-10-07
CVE-2025-54405 Planet WGR-500 安全漏洞 — WGR-500 8.8 High2025-10-07
CVE-2025-36354 IBM Security Verify Access command execution — Security Verify Access Appliance 7.3 High2025-10-06
CVE-2025-11285 samanhappy MCPHub serverController.ts os command injection — MCPHub 6.3 Medium2025-10-05
CVE-2025-47212 QTS, QuTS hero — QTS 7.2 -2025-10-03
CVE-2025-61591 Cursor CLI's Cursor Agent MCP OAuth2 Communication is Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution — cursor 8.8 High2025-10-03
CVE-2025-10659 MegaSys Enterprises Telenium Online Web Application OS Command Injection — Telenium Online Web Application: 9.8 Critical2025-09-30
CVE-2025-11148 check-branches 安全漏洞 — check-branches 9.8 Critical2025-09-30
CVE-2025-9762 Post By Email <= 1.0.4b - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload via Email Attachments — Post By Email 9.8 Critical2025-09-30
CVE-2025-36245 IBM InfoSphere Information Server command execution — InfoSphere Information Server 8.8 High2025-09-29
CVE-2025-30247 Western Digital My Cloud 安全漏洞 — My Cloud 9.8AICriticalAI2025-09-29
CVE-2025-11141 Ruijie NBR2100G-E branch_passw.php listAction os command injection — NBR2100G-E 4.7 Medium2025-09-29
CVE-2025-11138 mirweiye wenkucms common.php createPathOne os command injection — wenkucms 6.3 Medium2025-09-29
CVE-2025-59844 Argument injection vulnerability in SonarQube Scan Action — sonarqube-scan-action 8.8 -2025-09-26
CVE-2025-35027 Unitree Multiple Robotic Products Command Injection — Go2 7.3 High2025-09-26
CVE-2025-60017 Unitree多款产品 安全漏洞 — Go2 8.2 High2025-09-26
CVE-2025-11005 TOTOLINK X6000R Unauthenticated Command Injection Vulnerability — X6000R 9.8AICriticalAI2025-09-25
CVE-2025-34227 Nagios XI < 2026R1 Configuration Wizard Authenticated Command Injection — Nagios XI 8.8AIHighAI2025-09-25
CVE-2025-43943 Dell Cloud Disaster Recovery 操作系统命令注入漏洞 — Cloud Disaster Recovery 6.7 Medium2025-09-25
CVE-2025-27262 Ericsson Indoor Connect 8855 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command Vulnerability — Indoor Connect 8855 9.8AICriticalAI2025-09-25
CVE-2025-52906 TOTOLINK X6000R Command Injection Vulnerability — X6000R 9.8AICriticalAI2025-09-24
CVE-2025-59534 CryptoLib command Injection vulnerability in initialize_kerberos_keytab_file_login() — CryptoLib 7.3 High2025-09-23
CVE-2025-9588 OS Command Injection in Iron Mountain's enVision — enVision 10.0 Critical2025-09-23
CVE-2025-9494 Viessmann Vitogate 300 OS Command Injection — Vitogate 300 8.8AIHighAI2025-09-23

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-78 (OS命令中使用的特殊元素转义处理不恰当(OS命令注入)) represent 2740 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.