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CWE-639 (通过用户控制密钥绕过授权机制) — Vulnerability Class 1073

1073 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-639 (通过用户控制密钥绕过授权机制). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-639 represents an authorization bypass weakness where systems fail to validate that a user is permitted to access a resource identified by a user-controlled key. Attackers typically exploit this by manipulating identifiers, such as changing a numeric user ID in a URL or API parameter, to retrieve or modify another user’s private data. This insecure direct object reference allows unauthorized access without requiring authentication bypasses. Developers prevent this vulnerability by implementing robust server-side authorization checks that verify the requesting user’s permissions against the requested resource, rather than trusting client-supplied identifiers. Additionally, using indirect references or opaque tokens instead of predictable, sequential keys can mitigate the risk of enumeration and unauthorized access attempts.

MITRE CWE Description
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data. Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user. It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system. For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value. One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Common Consequences (3)
Access ControlBypass Protection Mechanism
Access control checks for specific user data or functionality can be bypassed.
Access ControlGain Privileges or Assume Identity
Horizontal escalation of privilege is possible (one user can view/modify information of another user).
Access ControlGain Privileges or Assume Identity
Vertical escalation of privilege is possible if the user-controlled key is actually a flag that indicates administrator status, allowing the attacker to gain administrative access.
Mitigations (3)
Architecture and DesignFor each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Architecture and Design, ImplementationMake sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Architecture and DesignUse encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
Examples (1)
The following code uses a parameterized statement, which escapes metacharacters and prevents SQL injection vulnerabilities, to construct and execute a SQL query that searches for an invoice matching the specified identifier [1]. The identifier is selected from a list of all invoices associated with the current authenticated user.
... conn = new SqlConnection(_ConnectionString); conn.Open(); int16 id = System.Convert.ToInt16(invoiceID.Text); SqlCommand query = new SqlCommand( "SELECT * FROM invoices WHERE id = @id", conn); query.Parameters.AddWithValue("@id", id); SqlDataReader objReader = objCommand.ExecuteReader(); ...
Bad · C#
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2024-43288 WordPress wpForo Forum plugin <= 2.3.4 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability — wpForo Forum 4.3 Medium2024-08-18
CVE-2024-43315 WordPress Stripe Payments For WooCommerce plugin <= 1.9.1 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability — Stripe Payments For WooCommerce by Checkout 7.5 High2024-08-18
CVE-2024-43322 WordPress Zephyr Project Manager plugin <= 3.3.100 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability — Zephyr Project Manager 5.4 Medium2024-08-18
CVE-2024-43350 WordPress Propovoice CRM plugin <= 1.7.6.4 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability — Propovoice CRM 5.3 Medium2024-08-18
CVE-2024-42464 Leak of user information — upKeeper Manager 7.5AIHighAI2024-08-16
CVE-2024-42463 Leak of organizations messages — upKeeper Manager 7.5AIHighAI2024-08-16
CVE-2023-7049 Custom Field For WP Job Manager <= 1.2 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Sensitive Information Exposure via Shortcode — Custom Field For WP Job Manager 4.3 Medium2024-08-16
CVE-2024-6534 Directus 10.13.0 - Insecure object reference via PATH presets — Directus 4.3 Medium2024-08-15
CVE-2024-39642 WordPress LearnPress plugin <= 4.2.6.8.2 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability — LearnPress 6.5 Medium2024-08-13
CVE-2024-3035 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitLab — GitLab 6.8 Medium2024-08-08
CVE-2024-6357 Insecure Direct Object Reference vulnerability — ArcSight Intelligence 6.3 Medium2024-08-06
CVE-2024-38701 WordPress Academy LMS plugin <= 2.0.4 - Broken Access Control vulnerability — Academy LMS 4.3 Medium2024-07-22
CVE-2024-34457 Apache StreamPark IDOR Vulnerability — Apache StreamPark 6.5AIMediumAI2024-07-22
CVE-2024-5977 GiveWP – Donation Plugin and Fundraising Platform <= 3.13.0 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (GiveWP Worker+) Arbitrary Post Actions — GiveWP – Donation Plugin and Fundraising Platform 5.4 Medium2024-07-19
CVE-2024-5619 IDOR in PruvaSoft Informatics' Apinizer Management Console — Apinizer Management Console 9.6 Critical2024-07-18
CVE-2024-6410 ProfileGrid <= 5.8.9 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Insecure Direct Object Reference — ProfileGrid – User Profiles, Groups and Communities 4.3 Medium2024-07-10
CVE-2024-39900 OpenSearch Dashboards Reports does not properly restrict access to private tenant resources — reporting 5.4 Medium2024-07-09
CVE-2024-39901 OpenSearch Observability does not properly restrict access to private tenant resources — observability 4.2 Medium2024-07-09
CVE-2024-39897 Cache driver GetBlob() allows read access to any blob without access control check — zot 4.3 Medium2024-07-09
CVE-2024-21759 Fortinet FortiPorta 安全漏洞 — FortiPortal 3.9 Medium2024-07-09
CVE-2023-3288 A BOLA vulnerability in POST /providers in EasyAppointments < 1.5.0 — easyappointments 8.5 High2024-07-09
CVE-2023-38055 A BOLA vulnerability in GET, PUT, DELETE /services/{serviceId} in EasyAppointments < 1.5.0 — easyappointments 9.6 Critical2024-07-09
CVE-2023-38054 A BOLA vulnerability in GET, PUT, DELETE /customers/{customerId} in EasyAppointments < 1.5.0 — easyappointments 9.9 Critical2024-07-09
CVE-2023-38053 A BOLA vulnerability in GET, PUT, DELETE /settings/{settingName} in EasyAppointments < 1.5.0 — easyappointments 9.9 Critical2024-07-09
CVE-2023-38052 A BOLA vulnerability in GET, PUT, DELETE /admins/{adminId} in EasyAppointments < 1.5.0 — easyappointments 9.9 Critical2024-07-09
CVE-2023-38051 A BOLA vulnerability in GET, PUT, DELETE /secretaries/{secretaryId} in EasyAppointments < 1.5.0 — easyappointments 9.9 Critical2024-07-09
CVE-2023-38050 A BOLA vulnerability in GET, PUT, DELETE /webhooks/{webhookId} in EasyAppointments < 1.5.0 — easyappointments 9.1 Critical2024-07-09
CVE-2023-38049 A BOLA vulnerability in GET, PUT, DELETE /appointments/{appointmentId} in EasyAppointments < 1.5.0 — easyappointments 9.9 Critical2024-07-09
CVE-2023-38048 A BOLA vulnerability in GET, PUT, DELETE /providers/{providerId} in EasyAppointments < 1.5.0 — easyappointments 9.9 Critical2024-07-09
CVE-2023-38047 A BOLA vulnerability in GET, PUT, DELETE /categories/{categoryId} in EasyAppointments < 1.5.0. — easyappointments 8.5 High2024-07-09

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-639 (通过用户控制密钥绕过授权机制) represent 1073 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.