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CWE-639 (通过用户控制密钥绕过授权机制) — Vulnerability Class 1073

1073 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-639 (通过用户控制密钥绕过授权机制). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-639 represents an authorization bypass weakness where systems fail to validate that a user is permitted to access a resource identified by a user-controlled key. Attackers typically exploit this by manipulating identifiers, such as changing a numeric user ID in a URL or API parameter, to retrieve or modify another user’s private data. This insecure direct object reference allows unauthorized access without requiring authentication bypasses. Developers prevent this vulnerability by implementing robust server-side authorization checks that verify the requesting user’s permissions against the requested resource, rather than trusting client-supplied identifiers. Additionally, using indirect references or opaque tokens instead of predictable, sequential keys can mitigate the risk of enumeration and unauthorized access attempts.

MITRE CWE Description
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data. Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user. It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system. For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value. One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Common Consequences (3)
Access ControlBypass Protection Mechanism
Access control checks for specific user data or functionality can be bypassed.
Access ControlGain Privileges or Assume Identity
Horizontal escalation of privilege is possible (one user can view/modify information of another user).
Access ControlGain Privileges or Assume Identity
Vertical escalation of privilege is possible if the user-controlled key is actually a flag that indicates administrator status, allowing the attacker to gain administrative access.
Mitigations (3)
Architecture and DesignFor each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Architecture and Design, ImplementationMake sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Architecture and DesignUse encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
Examples (1)
The following code uses a parameterized statement, which escapes metacharacters and prevents SQL injection vulnerabilities, to construct and execute a SQL query that searches for an invoice matching the specified identifier [1]. The identifier is selected from a list of all invoices associated with the current authenticated user.
... conn = new SqlConnection(_ConnectionString); conn.Open(); int16 id = System.Convert.ToInt16(invoiceID.Text); SqlCommand query = new SqlCommand( "SELECT * FROM invoices WHERE id = @id", conn); query.Parameters.AddWithValue("@id", id); SqlDataReader objReader = objCommand.ExecuteReader(); ...
Bad · C#
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2024-47316 WordPress Salon Booking Wordpress Plugin plugin <= 10.9 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability — Salon booking system 4.3 Medium2024-10-05
CVE-2024-47657 Improper Access Control Vulnerability — Net Back Office 6.5 -2024-10-04
CVE-2024-20513 Cisco AnyConnect VPN 安全漏洞 — Cisco Meraki MX Firmware 5.8 Medium2024-10-02
CVE-2024-39319 aimeos/ai-controller-frontend has IDOR vulnerability in account profile page — ai-controller-frontend--AI2024-09-26
CVE-2024-8290 WCFM – Frontend Manager for WooCommerce along with Bookings Subscription Listings Compatible <= 6.7.12 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Account Takeover/Privilege Escalation — WCFM – Frontend Manager for WooCommerce 8.8 High2024-09-25
CVE-2024-8485 REST API TO MiniProgram <= 4.7.1 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary User Email Update and Privilege Escalation via Account Takeover — REST API TO MiniProgram 9.8 Critical2024-09-25
CVE-2024-8791 Donation Forms by Charitable – Donations Plugin & Fundraising Platform for WordPress <= 1.8.1.14 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Account Takeover and Privilege Escalation — Charitable – Donation Plugin for WordPress – Fundraising with Recurring Donations & More 9.8 Critical2024-09-24
CVE-2024-45806 Potential manipulate `x-envoy` headers from external sources in envoy — envoy 6.5 Medium2024-09-19
CVE-2024-45614 Header normalization allows for client to clobber proxy set headers in Puma — puma 5.4 Medium2024-09-19
CVE-2024-46982 Cache Poisoning in next.js — next.js 7.5 High2024-09-17
CVE-2024-45605 Improper authorization on deletion of user issue alert notifications in sentry — sentry 6.5 Medium2024-09-17
CVE-2024-45606 Improper authorization on muting of alert rules in sentry — sentry 7.1 High2024-09-17
CVE-2024-6685 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitLab — GitLab 3.1 Low2024-09-16
CVE-2022-3459 WooCommerce Multiple Free Gift <= 1.2.3 - Insufficient Server-Side Validation to Arbitrary Gift Adding — WooCommerce Multiple Free Gift 5.3 Medium2024-09-14
CVE-2024-6087 Improper Access Control in lunary-ai/lunary — lunary-ai/lunary 8.8AIHighAI2024-09-13
CVE-2024-3306 IDOR in Utarit Information's SoliClub — SoliClub 9.1AICriticalAI2024-09-12
CVE-2024-3305 IDOR in Utarit Information's SoliClub — SoliClub 7.5AIHighAI2024-09-12
CVE-2024-45786 Improper Authorization Vulnerability — Mutual Fund Distribution Product (aiM-Star) 6.5AIMediumAI2024-09-11
CVE-2023-44254 Fortinet FortiAnalyzer和FortiManager 安全漏洞 — FortiAnalyzer 4.7 Medium2024-09-10
CVE-2024-45032 Siemens Industrial Edge Management 安全漏洞 — Industrial Edge Management Pro 10.0 Critical2024-09-10
CVE-2024-8601 Improper Access Control Vulnerability in TechExcel Back Office Software — Back Office Software 6.5AIMediumAI2024-09-09
CVE-2024-8428 ForumWP – Forum & Discussion Board Plugin <= 2.0.2 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Privilege Escalation via Account Takeover — ForumWP – Forum & Discussion Board 8.8 High2024-09-06
CVE-2024-1744 IDOR in Ariva Computer's Accord ORS — Accord ORS 7.5 -2024-09-06
CVE-2024-8292 WP-Recall – Registration, Profile, Commerce & More <= 16.26.8 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Unauthenticated Arbitrary Password Update — WP-Recall – Registration, Profile, Commerce & More 9.8 Critical2024-09-06
CVE-2024-8123 The Ultimate WordPress Toolkit – WP Extended <= 3.0.8 - Insecure Direct Object Reference — The Ultimate WordPress Toolkit – WP Extended 5.4 Medium2024-09-04
CVE-2024-43916 WordPress Zephyr Project Manager plugin <= 3.3.102 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability — Zephyr Project Manager 4.3 Medium2024-08-26
CVE-2024-8158 User impersonation for lib9p based 9p fileservers — 9front 6.8AIMediumAI2024-08-25
CVE-2024-7848 User Private Files <= 2.1.0 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Private File Access — File Sharing & Download Manager – User Private Files 4.3 Medium2024-08-22
CVE-2024-43239 WordPress Masteriyo LMS plugin <= 1.11.4 - Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability — Masteriyo - LMS 4.3 Medium2024-08-18
CVE-2024-43266 WordPress WP Job Portal plugin <= 2.1.8 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability — WP Job Portal 5.4 Medium2024-08-18

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-639 (通过用户控制密钥绕过授权机制) represent 1073 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.