Goal Reached Thanks to every supporter — we hit 100%!

Goal: 1000 CNY · Raised: 1000 CNY

100.0%
Buy Us a Coffee

CWE-285 (授权机制不恰当) — Vulnerability Class 986

986 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-285 (授权机制不恰当). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-285 represents a critical access control weakness where an application fails to verify whether a user possesses the necessary permissions to access a specific resource or execute a particular action. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by manipulating request parameters, such as changing user IDs in URLs or API calls, to bypass security checks and access data belonging to other users or perform administrative tasks. This often leads to severe data breaches or unauthorized system modifications. To prevent such flaws, developers must implement robust, centralized authorization mechanisms that consistently validate user privileges for every sensitive operation. Relying solely on client-side checks is insufficient; instead, server-side enforcement using role-based or attribute-based access control ensures that only authenticated and authorized entities can interact with protected resources, thereby maintaining strict integrity and confidentiality.

MITRE CWE Description
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Common Consequences (3)
ConfidentialityRead Application Data, Read Files or Directories
An attacker could read sensitive data, either by reading the data directly from a data store that is not properly restricted, or by accessing insufficiently-protected, privileged functionality to read the data.
IntegrityModify Application Data, Modify Files or Directories
An attacker could modify sensitive data, either by writing the data directly to a data store that is not properly restricted, or by accessing insufficiently-protected, privileged functionality to write the data.
Access ControlGain Privileges or Assume Identity, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
When access control checks are not applied consistently - or not at all - an attacker could gain privileges and execute unauthorized code or commands by modifying or reading critical data directly, or by accessing insufficiently-protected, privileged functionality.
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and DesignDivide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries. Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Architecture and DesignEnsure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Architecture and DesignFor web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page. One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests …
System Configuration, InstallationUse the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
Examples (2)
This function runs an arbitrary SQL query on a given database, returning the result of the query.
function runEmployeeQuery($dbName, $name){ mysql_select_db($dbName,$globalDbHandle) or die("Could not open Database".$dbName); //Use a prepared statement to avoid CWE-89 $preparedStatement = $globalDbHandle->prepare('SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name = :name'); $preparedStatement->execute(array(':name' => $name)); return $preparedStatement->fetchAll(); } /.../ $employeeRecord = runEmployeeQuery('EmployeeDB',$_GET['EmployeeName']);
Bad · PHP
The following program could be part of a bulletin board system that allows users to send private messages to each other. This program intends to authenticate the user before deciding whether a private message should be displayed. Assume that LookupMessageObject() ensures that the $id argument is numeric, constructs a filename based on that id, and reads the message details from that file. Also ass…
sub DisplayPrivateMessage { my($id) = @_; my $Message = LookupMessageObject($id); print "From: " . encodeHTML($Message->{from}) . "<br>\n"; print "Subject: " . encodeHTML($Message->{subject}) . "\n"; print "<hr>\n"; print "Body: " . encodeHTML($Message->{body}) . "\n"; } my $q = new CGI; # For purposes of this example, assume that CWE-309 and # CWE-523 do not apply. if (! AuthenticateUser($q->param('username'), $q->param('password'))) { ExitError("invalid username or password"); } my $id = $q->param('id'); DisplayPrivateMessage($id);
Bad · Perl
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2020-5240 2FA bypass through deleting devices in wagtail-2fa — wagtail-2fa 7.6 High2020-03-13
CVE-2020-5250 Possible information disclosure in PrestaShop — PrestaShop 7.6 High2020-03-05
CVE-2020-5251 Information disclosure in parse-server — parse-server 7.7 High2020-03-04
CVE-2020-5318 Dell EMC Isilon OneFS 授权问题漏洞 — Isilon OneFS 7.5 High2020-02-06
CVE-2019-15610 Nextcloud Circles 安全漏洞 — Nextcloud Circles 4.3 -2020-02-04
CVE-2020-8119 Nextcloud 授权问题漏洞 — Nextcloud Server 5.3 -2020-02-04
CVE-2020-5232 Ethereum Name Service - Malicious takeover of previously owned ENS names — @ensdomains/ens 8.7 High2020-01-30
CVE-2020-5206 Authentication Bypass For Endpoints With Anonymous Access in OpenCast — opencast 8.7 High2020-01-30
CVE-2020-5231 Opencast users with ROLE_COURSE_ADMIN can create new users — opencast 4.8 Medium2020-01-30
CVE-2019-7479 SonicWall SonicOS 授权问题漏洞 — SonicOS 7.2 -2019-12-31
CVE-2019-7489 SonicWall Email Security Appliance 授权问题漏洞 — Email Security Appliance 9.8 -2019-12-23
CVE-2019-14870 Samba 授权问题漏洞 — samba 6.5 -2019-12-10
CVE-2019-15990 Cisco Small Business Routers RV016, RV042, RV042G, and RV082 Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Cisco Small Business RV Series Router Firmware 5.3 -2019-11-26
CVE-2019-3641 Exploitation of Authorization in TIE Server — Threat Intelligence Exchange Server (TIE Server) 4.5 Medium2019-11-13
CVE-2019-3764 Dell EMC iDRAC7、iDRAC8和iDRAC9 授权问题漏洞 — Integrated Dell Remote Access Controller (iDRAC) 4.3 -2019-11-07
CVE-2019-17631 Eclipse OpenJ9 安全漏洞 — Eclipse OpenJ9 9.8 -2019-10-17
CVE-2019-12671 Cisco IOS XE Software Consent Token Bypass Vulnerability — Cisco IOS XE Software 3.2.9SG 7.8 -2019-09-25
CVE-2019-13528 Niagara AX和Niagara 授权问题漏洞 — Niagara 4.4 -2019-09-24
CVE-2019-13550 Advantech WebAccess 授权问题漏洞 — WebAccess 8.8 -2019-09-18
CVE-2019-12635 Cisco Content Security Management Appliance Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Cisco Content Security Management Appliance (SMA) 5.4 -2019-09-05
CVE-2019-1907 Cisco Integrated Management Controller Substring Comparison Privilege Escalation Vulnerability — Cisco Unified Computing System (Management Software) 8.8 -2019-08-21
CVE-2019-1863 Cisco Integrated Management Controller Privilege Escalation Vulnerability — Cisco Unified Computing System E-Series Software (UCSE) 8.1 -2019-08-21
CVE-2019-13416 floragunn Search Guard 授权问题漏洞 — Search Guard 6.5 -2019-08-13
CVE-2019-1934 Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software Web-Based Management Interface Privilege Escalation Vulnerability — Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software 8.8 -2019-08-07
CVE-2019-1912 Cisco Small Business 220 Series Smart Switches Authentication Bypass Vulnerability — Cisco Small Business 220 Series Smart Plus Switches 9.8 -2019-08-07
CVE-2019-2386 Authorization session conflation — MongoDB Server 7.1 High2019-08-06
CVE-2019-10154 Moodle 访问控制错误漏洞 — moodle 5.3 -2019-06-26
CVE-2019-1899 Cisco RV110W, RV130W, and RV215W Routers Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Cisco RV130W Wireless-N Multifunction VPN Router Firmware 5.3 -2019-06-20
CVE-2019-1897 Cisco RV110W, RV130W, and RV215W Routers Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco RV130W Wireless-N Multifunction VPN Router Firmware 5.3 -2019-06-20
CVE-2019-1898 Cisco RV110W, RV130W, and RV215W Routers Unauthenticated syslog File Access Vulnerability — Cisco RV130W Wireless-N Multifunction VPN Router Firmware 5.3 -2019-06-20

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-285 (授权机制不恰当) represent 986 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.