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CWE-285 (授权机制不恰当) — Vulnerability Class 986

986 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-285 (授权机制不恰当). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-285 represents a critical access control weakness where an application fails to verify whether a user possesses the necessary permissions to access a specific resource or execute a particular action. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by manipulating request parameters, such as changing user IDs in URLs or API calls, to bypass security checks and access data belonging to other users or perform administrative tasks. This often leads to severe data breaches or unauthorized system modifications. To prevent such flaws, developers must implement robust, centralized authorization mechanisms that consistently validate user privileges for every sensitive operation. Relying solely on client-side checks is insufficient; instead, server-side enforcement using role-based or attribute-based access control ensures that only authenticated and authorized entities can interact with protected resources, thereby maintaining strict integrity and confidentiality.

MITRE CWE Description
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Common Consequences (3)
ConfidentialityRead Application Data, Read Files or Directories
An attacker could read sensitive data, either by reading the data directly from a data store that is not properly restricted, or by accessing insufficiently-protected, privileged functionality to read the data.
IntegrityModify Application Data, Modify Files or Directories
An attacker could modify sensitive data, either by writing the data directly to a data store that is not properly restricted, or by accessing insufficiently-protected, privileged functionality to write the data.
Access ControlGain Privileges or Assume Identity, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
When access control checks are not applied consistently - or not at all - an attacker could gain privileges and execute unauthorized code or commands by modifying or reading critical data directly, or by accessing insufficiently-protected, privileged functionality.
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and DesignDivide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries. Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Architecture and DesignEnsure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Architecture and DesignFor web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page. One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests …
System Configuration, InstallationUse the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
Examples (2)
This function runs an arbitrary SQL query on a given database, returning the result of the query.
function runEmployeeQuery($dbName, $name){ mysql_select_db($dbName,$globalDbHandle) or die("Could not open Database".$dbName); //Use a prepared statement to avoid CWE-89 $preparedStatement = $globalDbHandle->prepare('SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name = :name'); $preparedStatement->execute(array(':name' => $name)); return $preparedStatement->fetchAll(); } /.../ $employeeRecord = runEmployeeQuery('EmployeeDB',$_GET['EmployeeName']);
Bad · PHP
The following program could be part of a bulletin board system that allows users to send private messages to each other. This program intends to authenticate the user before deciding whether a private message should be displayed. Assume that LookupMessageObject() ensures that the $id argument is numeric, constructs a filename based on that id, and reads the message details from that file. Also ass…
sub DisplayPrivateMessage { my($id) = @_; my $Message = LookupMessageObject($id); print "From: " . encodeHTML($Message->{from}) . "<br>\n"; print "Subject: " . encodeHTML($Message->{subject}) . "\n"; print "<hr>\n"; print "Body: " . encodeHTML($Message->{body}) . "\n"; } my $q = new CGI; # For purposes of this example, assume that CWE-309 and # CWE-523 do not apply. if (! AuthenticateUser($q->param('username'), $q->param('password'))) { ExitError("invalid username or password"); } my $id = $q->param('id'); DisplayPrivateMessage($id);
Bad · Perl
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2020-1908 Facebook WhatsApp 授权问题漏洞 — WhatsApp Business for iOS 4.6 -2020-11-03
CVE-2020-26183 Dell EMC NetWorker 授权问题漏洞 — NetWorker 6.8 Medium2020-10-16
CVE-2020-9048 victor Web Client - Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — victor Web Client version 5.4.1 and prior 7.1 High2020-10-08
CVE-2020-7530 Schneider Electric SCADAPack 安全漏洞 — SCADAPack 7x Remote Connect V3.6.3.574 and prior. 7.8 -2020-09-16
CVE-2020-16096 Gallagher Group Command Centre 安全漏洞 — Command Centre 9.9 Critical2020-09-15
CVE-2020-6311 SAP 3D visual Enterprise Viewer 授权问题漏洞 — BANKING SERVICES FROM SAP 9.0(Bank Analyzer) 6.5 -2020-09-09
CVE-2020-10517 Improper access control in GitHub Enterprise Server leading to the enumeration of private repository names — GitHub Enterprise Server 4.3 -2020-08-27
CVE-2020-3394 Cisco Nexus 3000 and 9000 Series Switches Privilege Escalation Vulnerability — Cisco NX-OS Software 7.8 -2020-08-27
CVE-2020-7583 Siemens Automation License Manager 授权问题漏洞 — Automation License Manager 5 7.1 -2020-08-14
CVE-2020-3374 Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software Authorization Bypass Vulnerability — Cisco SD-WAN vManage 8.8 -2020-07-31
CVE-2020-3386 Cisco Data Center Network Manager Improper Authorization Vulnerability — Cisco Data Center Network Manager 8.8 -2020-07-31
CVE-2020-14486 OpenClinic GA — OpenClinic GA 6.3 Medium2020-07-29
CVE-2020-3150 Cisco Small Business RV110W and RV215W Series Routers Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Cisco RV110W Wireless-N VPN Firewall Firmware 5.9 -2020-07-16
CVE-2020-5356 Dell PowerProtect Data Manager和PowerProtect X400 授权问题漏洞 — Power Protect Data Manager 7.7 High2020-07-06
CVE-2020-15087 Privilege escalation in Presto — Presto 7.4 High2020-06-30
CVE-2020-15084 Authorization bypass in express-jwt — express-jwt 7.7 High2020-06-30
CVE-2020-10736 Red Hat Ceph 安全漏洞 — ceph 8.0 High2020-06-22
CVE-2020-5362 多款Dell产品授权问题漏洞 — Dell Client Consumer and Commercial platforms 7.1 High2020-06-10
CVE-2020-3267 Cisco Unified Contact Center Express Improper API Authorization Vulnerability — Cisco Unified Contact Center Express 7.1 -2020-06-03
CVE-2020-10516 Improper access control in GitHub Enterprise Server leading to privilege escalation of organization member — GitHub Enterprise Server 8.8 -2020-06-03
CVE-2020-10620 Opto 22 SoftPAC Project 授权问题漏洞 — Opto 22 SoftPAC Project 9.8 -2020-05-14
CVE-2020-1998 PAN-OS: Improper SAML SSO authorization of shared local users — PAN-OS 5.4 Medium2020-05-13
CVE-2020-10686 Red Hat Keycloak 安全漏洞 — keycloak 4.1 Medium2020-05-04
CVE-2020-5333 Dell EMC RSA Archer 信息泄露漏洞 — RSA Archer 4.3 -2020-05-04
CVE-2020-1745 Red Hat Undertow 信息泄露漏洞 — undertow 8.6 High2020-04-28
CVE-2019-13554 GE Mark VIe Controller 授权问题漏洞 — GE Mark VIe Controller 9.8 -2020-04-07
CVE-2020-5289 Read permissions not enforced for client provided filter expressions in Elide http client — elide 6.8 Medium2020-03-30
CVE-2020-5275 Firewall configured with unanimous strategy was not actually unanimous in symfony/security-http — symfony 7.6 High2020-03-30
CVE-2019-14883 Moodle 安全漏洞 — moodle 5.3 -2020-03-18
CVE-2020-1720 PostgreSQL 安全漏洞 — postgresql 3.1 Low2020-03-17

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-285 (授权机制不恰当) represent 986 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.