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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3717

3717 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2023-2316 Typora Local File Disclosure — Typora 7.4 High2023-08-19
CVE-2023-2110 Obsidian Local File Disclosure — Obsidian 8.2 High2023-08-19
CVE-2023-3698 A Command injection vulnerability was found on Printer service of ADM — ADM 8.5 High2023-08-17
CVE-2023-3697 A Command injection vulnerability was found on Printer service of ADM — ADM 8.5 High2023-08-17
CVE-2023-34217 Second Order Command-injection Vulnerability in the Certificate-delete Function — TN-5900 Series 8.1 High2023-08-17
CVE-2023-34216 Second Order Command-injection Vulnerability in the Key-delete Function — TN-5900 Series 8.1 High2023-08-17
CVE-2023-20229 Cisco Duo 路径遍历漏洞 — Cisco Duo Device Health Application 7.1 High2023-08-16
CVE-2023-40028 Arbitrary file read via symlinks in Ghost — Ghost 4.9 Medium2023-08-15
CVE-2023-39402 Huawei HarmonyOS 路径遍历漏洞 — HarmonyOS 9.8 -2023-08-13
CVE-2023-39401 Huawei HarmonyOS 安全漏洞 — HarmonyOS 9.8 -2023-08-13
CVE-2023-39400 Huawei HarmonyOS 路径遍历漏洞 — HarmonyOS 9.8 -2023-08-13
CVE-2023-39964 1Panel O&M management panel has a background arbitrary file reading vulnerability — 1Panel 7.5 High2023-08-10
CVE-2023-39957 Path traversal allows tricking the Talk Android app into writing files into it's root directory — security-advisories 3.3 -2023-08-10
CVE-2023-36534 Zoom Client 路径遍历漏洞 — Zoom Desktop Client for Windows 9.3 Critical2023-08-08
CVE-2023-38176 Azure Arc-Enabled Servers Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Azure Arc-Enabled Servers 7.0 High2023-08-08
CVE-2023-39528 PrestaShop vulnerable to file reading through path traversal — PrestaShop 6.8 Medium2023-08-07
CVE-2023-39525 PrestaShop vulnerable to path traversal — PrestaShop 6.5 Medium2023-08-07
CVE-2020-26065 Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software 路径遍历漏洞 — Cisco SD-WAN vManage 6.5 -2023-08-04
CVE-2023-38702 Knowage Server vulnerable to path traversal via upload functionality — Knowage-Server 10.0 Critical2023-08-04
CVE-2023-38695 cypress-image-snapshot vulnerable to insecure snapshot file names — cypress-image-snapshot 6.5 Medium2023-08-04
CVE-2023-37896 Nuclei Path Traversal vulnerability — nuclei 7.5 High2023-08-04
CVE-2023-38708 Pimcore Path Traversal Vulnerability in AssetController:importServerFilesAction — pimcore 6.3 Medium2023-08-04
CVE-2023-3348 Directory traversal vulnerability in Cloudflare Wrangler — Wrangler 5.7 Medium2023-08-03
CVE-2023-3385 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') in GitLab — GitLab 6.3 Medium2023-08-01
CVE-2023-31427 Knowledge of full path name — Fabric OS 7.8 High2023-08-01
CVE-2023-35016 IBM Security Verify Governance path traversal — Security Verify Governance, Identity Manager 6.5 Medium2023-07-31
CVE-2023-37218 Tadiran Telecom Aeonix - CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory — Telecom Aeonix 7.5 High2023-07-30
CVE-2023-23842 SolarWinds Network Configuration Manager Directory Traversal Vulnerability — Network Configuration Manager 7.2 High2023-07-26
CVE-2023-37460 Plexus Archiver vulnerable to Arbitrary File Creation in AbstractUnArchiver — plexus-archiver 8.1 High2023-07-25
CVE-2023-26045 NodeBB vulnerable to path traversal and code execution via prototype vulnerability — NodeBB 10.0 Critical2023-07-24

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3717 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.