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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3498

3498 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2021-27798 privileged directory transversal.in Brocade Fabric OS versions 7.4.1.x and 7.3.x — Brocade Fabric OS 5.5 -2022-08-05
CVE-2022-36831 SAMSUNG Mobile devices 路径遍历漏洞 — Samsung notes 6.2 Medium2022-08-05
CVE-2022-31473 BIG-IP APM Appliance mode vulnerability CVE-2022-31473 — BIG-IP APM 6.8 Medium2022-08-04
CVE-2022-2653 Path Traversal in plankanban/planka — plankanban/planka 6.5 -2022-08-04
CVE-2022-35216 ITPison OMICARD EDM - Use of Hard-coded Credentials — OMICARD EDM 7.5 High2022-08-04
CVE-2022-32963 ITPison OMICARD EDM - Path Traversal-1 — OMICARD EDM 7.5 High2022-08-04
CVE-2022-27621 Synology USB Copy 路径遍历漏洞 — USB Copy 5.5 Medium2022-08-03
CVE-2022-27620 Synology SSO Server 路径遍历漏洞 — SSO Server 6.8 Medium2022-08-03
CVE-2022-27618 Synology Storage Analyzer 路径遍历漏洞 — Storage Analyzer 6.8 Medium2022-08-03
CVE-2022-27617 Synology Calendar 路径遍历漏洞 — Synology Calendar 5.0 Medium2022-08-03
CVE-2022-35920 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory in sanic — sanic 8.3 High2022-08-01
CVE-2022-35918 Streamlit directory traversal vulnerability — streamlit 6.5 Medium2022-08-01
CVE-2022-31195 Path traversal vulnerability in Simple Archive Format package import in DSpace — DSpace 7.2 High2022-08-01
CVE-2022-31194 Path traversal vulnerabilities in DSpace JSPUI submission upload — DSpace 8.2 High2022-08-01
CVE-2022-2184 CAPTCHA 4WP < 7.1.0 - Local File Inclusion via CSRF — CAPTCHA 4WP 8.8 -2022-08-01
CVE-2022-35919 Authenticated requests for server update admin API allows path traversal in minio — minio 7.4 High2022-08-01
CVE-2022-27611 Synology Audio Station 路径遍历漏洞 — Audio Station 5.4 Medium2022-07-28
CVE-2022-22685 Synology WebDAV Server 路径遍历漏洞 — WebDAV Server 8.7 High2022-07-28
CVE-2022-27615 Synology DNS Server 路径遍历漏洞 — DNS Server 7.7 High2022-07-28
CVE-2022-27610 Synology DiskStation Manager 路径遍历漏洞 — DiskStation Manager (DSM) 6.5 Medium2022-07-27
CVE-2022-35650 Moodle 输入验证错误漏洞 — Moodle 7.5 -2022-07-25
CVE-2017-20145 Tecrail Responsive Filemanger path traversal — Responsive Filemanger 6.3 Medium2022-07-25
CVE-2022-0902 ABB Flow Computer and Remote Controllers Path Traversal Vulnerability in Totalflow TCP protocol can lead to root access — RMC-100 (Standard) 8.1 High2022-07-21
CVE-2022-31163 TZInfo relative path traversal vulnerability allows loading of arbitrary files — tzinfo 7.5 High2022-07-21
CVE-2022-29834 ICONICS GENESIS64 路径遍历漏洞 — GENESIS64 7.5 High2022-07-20
CVE-2022-1264 Inductive Automation Ignition — Ignition 6.8 Medium2022-07-20
CVE-2022-2030 Zyxel USG FLEX 路径遍历漏洞 — USG FLEX 100(W) firmware 6.5 Medium2022-07-19
CVE-2022-31159 Partial Path Traversal in com.amazonaws:aws-java-sdk-s3 — aws-sdk-java 7.9 High2022-07-15
CVE-2022-34762 多款Schneider Electric产品路径遍历漏洞 — OPC UA Modicon Communication Module 5.9 Medium2022-07-13
CVE-2017-20105 Simplessus path traversal — Simplessus 5.4 Medium2022-06-28

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3498 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.