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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3684

3684 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2023-48383 NetVision Information airPASS - Path Traversal — airPASS 7.5 High2024-01-15
CVE-2023-49801 Lif Auth Server vulnerable to uncontrolled data in path expression — Lif-Auth-Server 4.2 Medium2024-01-12
CVE-2010-10011 Acritum Femitter Server path traversal — Femitter Server 4.3 Medium2024-01-12
CVE-2023-49569 Maliciously crafted Git server replies can lead to path traversal and RCE on go-git clients — go-git 9.8 Critical2024-01-12
CVE-2023-5504 BackWPup <= 4.0.1 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Directory Traversal — BackWPup – WordPress Backup & Restore Plugin 8.7 High2024-01-11
CVE-2023-37932 Fortinet FortiVoice 路径遍历漏洞 — FortiVoice 6.2 Medium2024-01-10
CVE-2023-48249 Bosch Nexo Cordless nutrunner 安全漏洞 — Nexo cordless nutrunner NXA015S-36V (0608842001) 6.5 Medium2024-01-10
CVE-2023-48246 Bosch Nexo cordless nutrunner 安全漏洞 — Nexo cordless nutrunner NXA015S-36V (0608842001) 6.5 Medium2024-01-10
CVE-2023-48243 Bosch Nexo cordless nutrunner 安全漏洞 — Nexo cordless nutrunner NXA015S-36V (0608842001) 8.1 High2024-01-10
CVE-2023-48242 Bosch Nexo cordless nutrunner 安全漏洞 — Nexo cordless nutrunner NXA015S-36V (0608842001) 6.5 Medium2024-01-10
CVE-2023-47211 ZOHO ManageEngine OpManager 路径遍历漏洞 — OpManager 9.1 Critical2024-01-08
CVE-2024-22050 Iodine Static File Server Path Traversal Vulnerability 7.5AIHighAI2024-01-04
CVE-2024-21633 Arbitrary file write on Decoding — Apktool 7.8 High2024-01-03
CVE-2023-41780 Unsafe DLL Loading Vulnerability in ZTE ZXCLOUD iRAI — ZXCLOUD iRAI 6.4 Medium2024-01-03
CVE-2023-52085 Winter CMS Local File Inclusion through Server Side Template Injection — winter 3.3 Low2023-12-29
CVE-2023-6190 Authenicated Path Traversal in İzmir Katip Çelebi University — University Information Management System 9.8 Critical2023-12-27
CVE-2023-6972 Backup Migration <= 1.3.9 - Unauthenticated Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Deletion — BackupBliss – Backup & Migration with Free Cloud Storage 9.8 Critical2023-12-23
CVE-2023-51651 Potential URI resolution path traversal in the AWS SDK for PHP — aws-sdk-php 6.0 Medium2023-12-22
CVE-2023-51449 Make the `/file` secure against file traversal attacks — gradio 5.6 Medium2023-12-22
CVE-2023-46645 Path traversal in GitHub Enterprise Server leading to arbitrary file reading when building a GitHub Pages site — Enterprise Server 6.8 Medium2023-12-21
CVE-2023-6562 Kakadu Software SDK 路径遍历漏洞 — Kakadu SDK 7.5 High2023-12-20
CVE-2023-47702 IBM Security Guardium Key Lifecycle Manager directory traversal — Security Guardium Key Lifecycle Manager 4.3 Medium2023-12-20
CVE-2023-38126 Softing edgeAggregator Restore Configuration Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — edgeAggregator 8.8 -2023-12-19
CVE-2023-46177 IBM MQ Appliance information disclosure — MQ Appliance 6.5 Medium2023-12-18
CVE-2023-6908 DFIRKuiper TAR Archive case_management.py unzip_file path traversal — Kuiper 3.1 Low2023-12-18
CVE-2023-6893 Hikvision Intercom Broadcasting System exportrecord.php path traversal — Intercom Broadcasting System 4.3 Medium2023-12-17
CVE-2023-6559 MW WP Form <= 5.0.3 - Improper Limitation of File Name to Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion — MW WP Form 7.5 High2023-12-16
CVE-2023-50265 Bazarr Arbitrary file read in /api/swaggerui/static endpoint — bazarr 7.5 High2023-12-15
CVE-2023-50264 Bazarr Arbitrary file read in /system/backup/download/ endpoint — bazarr 7.5 High2023-12-15
CVE-2023-48389 Multisuns EasyLog web+ - Path Traversal — EasyLog web+ 7.5 High2023-12-15

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3684 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.