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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3700

3700 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2024-2227 IdentityIQ JavaServer Faces File Path Traversal Vulnerability — IdentityIQ 10.0 Critical2024-03-22
CVE-2024-25567 Delta Electronics DIAEnergie Path traversal — DIAEnergie 8.1 High2024-03-21
CVE-2024-28171 Delta Electronics DIAEnergie Path traversal — DIAEnergie 8.1 High2024-03-21
CVE-2024-27921 Grav File Upload Path Traversal vulnerability — grav 8.8 High2024-03-21
CVE-2024-29180 webpack-dev-middleware Path Traversal vulnerability — webpack-dev-middleware 7.4 High2024-03-21
CVE-2023-41877 GeoServer log file path traversal vulnerability — geoserver 7.2 High2024-03-20
CVE-2024-27771 Unitronics Unistream Unilogic – Versions prior to 1.35.227 CWE-22: 'Path Traversal' — Unistream Unilogic 8.8 High2024-03-18
CVE-2024-27768 Unitronics Unistream Unilogic – Versions prior to 1.35.227 CWE-22: 'Path Traversal' — Unistream Unilogic 9.8 Critical2024-03-18
CVE-2024-2294 Backuply – Backup, Restore, Migrate and Clone <= 1.2.7 - Authenticated (Admin+) Directory Traversal — Backuply – Backup, Restore, Migrate and Clone 4.9 Medium2024-03-16
CVE-2024-25156 Path traversal in GoAnywhere MFT 7.4.1 and Earlier — GoAnywhere MFT 6.5 Medium2024-03-14
CVE-2024-22398 SonicWALL Email Security Appliance 路径遍历漏洞 — Email Security 6.5AIMediumAI2024-03-14
CVE-2024-27102 Improper isolation of server file access in github.com/pterodactyl/wings — wings 10.0 Critical2024-03-13
CVE-2024-1358 Elementor Addon Elements <= 1.12.12 - Directory Traversal to Local File Inclusion — Addon Elements for Elementor (formerly Elementor Addon Elements) 8.8 High2024-03-13
CVE-2024-25154 Path Traversal in FileCatalyst Direct 3.8.8 and Earlier — FileCatalyst 5.3 Medium2024-03-13
CVE-2024-27317 Apache Pulsar: Pulsar Functions Worker's Archive Extraction Vulnerability Allows Unauthorized File Modification — Apache Pulsar 8.4 High2024-03-12
CVE-2024-21400 Microsoft Azure Kubernetes Service Confidential Container Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Azure Kubernetes Service 9.0 Critical2024-03-12
CVE-2024-1303 Multiple Vulnerabilities in Badger Meter's Monitool — Monitool 6.5 Medium2024-03-12
CVE-2023-47221 Photo Station — Photo Station 5.5 Medium2024-03-08
CVE-2024-0818 PaddlePaddle 路径遍历漏洞 — paddlepaddle/paddle 9.1AICriticalAI2024-03-07
CVE-2024-1142 Sonatype IQ Server - Path Traversal — IQ Server 5.4 Medium2024-03-06
CVE-2023-38366 IBM FileNet Content Manager directory traversal — Filenet Content Manager 5.3 Medium2024-03-01
CVE-2024-2045 Session 1.17.5 - LFR via chat attachment — Session 5.5 Medium2024-02-29
CVE-2024-23946 Apache OFBiz: Path traversal or file inclusion — Apache OFBiz 9.1 -2024-02-28
CVE-2024-25065 Apache OFBiz: Path traversal allowing authentication bypass. — Apache OFBiz 9.1 -2024-02-28
CVE-2024-0763 Improper validation of document removal parameter — mintplex-labs/anything-llm 8.1 -2024-02-27
CVE-2024-27081 ESPHome remote code execution via arbitrary file write — esphome 7.2 High2024-02-26
CVE-2024-1165 Brizy – Page Builder <= 2.4.39 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Directory Traversal — Brizy – Page Builder 4.3 Medium2024-02-24
CVE-2024-27318 Open Neural Network Exchange 安全漏洞 — onnx 7.5 High2024-02-23
CVE-2024-26150 `@backstage/backend-common` vulnerable to path traversal through symlinks — backstage 8.7 High2024-02-23
CVE-2023-24416 WordPress All In One Favicon Plugin <= 4.7 is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Deletion — All In One Favicon 6.8 Medium2024-02-23

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3700 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.