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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3432

3432 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2025-64184 Dosage vulnerable to Directory Traversal through crafted HTTP responses — dosage 8.8 High2025-11-07
CVE-2025-58423 Advantech DeviceOn/iEdge Path Traversal — DeviceOn/iEdge 8.8 High2025-11-06
CVE-2025-59171 Advantech DeviceOn/iEdge Path Traversal — DeviceOn/iEdge 7.5 High2025-11-06
CVE-2025-62630 Advantech DeviceOn/iEdge Path Traversal — DeviceOn/iEdge 8.8 High2025-11-06
CVE-2025-12490 Netgate pfSense CE Suricata Path Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — pfSense 8.8 -2025-11-06
CVE-2025-34238 Advantech WebAccess/VPN < 1.1.5 Path Traversal via AjaxStandaloneVpnClientsController.ajaxDownloadRoadWarriorConfigFileAction() — WebAccess/VPN 4.9 -2025-11-06
CVE-2025-22397 Dell iDRAC9和Dell iDRAC10 路径遍历漏洞 — Integrated Dell Remote Access Controller 9 14G Versions 6.7 Medium2025-11-06
CVE-2025-60242 WordPress Download Counter plugin <= 1.4 - Arbitrary File Download vulnerability — Download Counter 7.5 High2025-11-06
CVE-2025-20374 Cisco Unified Contact Center Express Arbitrary File Download Vulnerability — Cisco Unified Contact Center Express 4.9 Medium2025-11-05
CVE-2025-64108 Cursor's Sensitive File Modification can Lead to NTFS Path Quirks — cursor 8.8 High2025-11-04
CVE-2025-64107 Cursor is Vulnerable to Path Manipulation Using Backslashes on Windows — cursor 8.8 High2025-11-04
CVE-2025-12493 ShopLentor <= 3.2.5 - Unauthenticated Local PHP File Inclusion via 'load_template' — ShopLentor – All-in-One WooCommerce Growth & Store Enhancement Plugin 9.8 Critical2025-11-04
CVE-2025-12626 jeecgboot jeewx-boot WxActGoldeneggsPrizesController.java getImgUrl path traversal — jeewx-boot 4.3 Medium2025-11-03
CVE-2025-8385 Zombify <= 1.7.5 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Read — Zombify 6.8 Medium2025-10-31
CVE-2025-10897 WooCommerce Designer Pro <= 1.9.28 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read — WooCommerce Designer Pro 8.6 High2025-10-31
CVE-2025-3356 IBM Tivoli Monitoring is vulnerable to unauthenticated file read and write operations — Tivoli Monitoring 8.6 High2025-10-30
CVE-2025-3355 IBM Tivoli Monitoring is vulnerable to unauthenticated file read and write operations — Tivoli Monitoring 7.5 High2025-10-30
CVE-2025-12060 Keras keras.utils.get_file Utility Path Traversal Vulnerability — Keras 5.3AIMediumAI2025-10-30
CVE-2025-11466 Allegra DatabaseBackupBL Directory Traversal Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Allegra 6.5AIMediumAI2025-10-29
CVE-2025-11201 MLflow Tracking Server Model Creation Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — MLflow 9.8AICriticalAI2025-10-29
CVE-2025-12422 Vulnerable Upgrade Feature (Arbitrary File Write) — BLU-IC2 8.8AIHighAI2025-10-28
CVE-2025-62725 Docker Compose Vulnerable to Path Traversal via OCI Artifact Layer Annotations — compose 9.8AICriticalAI2025-10-27
CVE-2025-12250 OpenWGA TMLScript API WGA.File path traversal — OpenWGA 4.7 Medium2025-10-27
CVE-2025-12055 Unauthenticated Local File Disclosure in MPDV Mikrolab MIP 2 / FEDRA 2 / HYDRA X Manufacturing Execution System — MIP 2 7.5AIHighAI2025-10-27
CVE-2025-12203 givanz Vvveb Code Editor functions.php sanitizeFileName path traversal — Vvveb 6.3 Medium2025-10-27
CVE-2025-10488 Directorist: AI-Powered Business Directory Plugin with Classified Ads Listings <= 8.4.8 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Move — Directorist: AI-Powered Business Directory, Listings & Classified Ads 8.1 High2025-10-25
CVE-2025-62254 Liferay Portal和Liferay DXP 路径遍历漏洞 — Portal 7.5AIHighAI2025-10-23
CVE-2025-41073 Path Traversal in Gandia Integra Total by TESI — Gandia Integra Total 6.5AIMediumAI2025-10-23
CVE-2025-60227 WordPress WP Pipes plugin <= 1.4.3 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability — WP Pipes 8.6 High2025-10-22
CVE-2025-60217 WordPress PT Luxa Addons Plugin <= 1.2.2 - Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — PT Luxa Addons 7.7 High2025-10-22

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3432 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.