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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3432

3432 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2017-16160 11xiaoli 路径遍历漏洞 — 11xiaoli node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16161 shenliru 路径遍历漏洞 — shenliru node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16162 22lixian 路径遍历漏洞 — 22lixian node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16163 dylmomo 路径遍历漏洞 — dylmomo node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16164 desafio 路径遍历漏洞 — desafio node module 5.3 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16165 calmquist.static-server 路径遍历漏洞 — calmquist.static-server node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16166 byucslabsix 路径遍历漏洞 — byucslabsix node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16167 yyooopack 路径遍历漏洞 — yyooopack node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16168 wffserve 路径遍历漏洞 — wffserve node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16169 looppake 路径遍历漏洞 — looppake node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16170 liuyaserver 路径遍历漏洞 — liuyaserver node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16171 hcbserver 路径遍历漏洞 — hcbserver node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16172 section2.madisonjbrooks12 路径遍历漏洞 — section2.madisonjbrooks12 node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16173 utahcityfinder 路径遍历漏洞 — utahcityfinder node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16174 whispercast 路径遍历漏洞 — whispercast node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16175 ewgaddis.lab6 路径遍历漏洞 — ewgaddis.lab6 node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16176 jansenstuffpleasework 路径遍历漏洞 — jansenstuffpleasework node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16177 chatbyvista 路径遍历漏洞 — chatbyvista node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16178 intsol-package 路径遍历漏洞 — intsol-package node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16179 dasafio 路径遍历漏洞 — dasafio node module 5.3 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16180 serverabc 路径遍历漏洞 — serverabc node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16181 wintiwebdev 路径遍历漏洞 — wintiwebdev node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16182 serverxxx 路径遍历漏洞 — serverxxx node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16183 iter-server 路径遍历漏洞 — n/a 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16184 scott-blanch-weather-app 路径遍历漏洞 — scott-blanch-weather-app node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16185 uekw1511server 路径遍历漏洞 — uekw1511server node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16186 360class.jansenhm 路径遍历漏洞 — 360class.jansenhm node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16187 open-device 路径遍历漏洞 — open-device node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16188 reecerver 路径遍历漏洞 — reecerver node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16189 sly07 路径遍历漏洞 — sly07 node module 7.5 -2018-06-07

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3432 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.