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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3432

3432 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2018-3766 buttle模块路径遍历漏洞 — buttle 7.5 -2018-07-05
CVE-2018-10860 perl-archive-zip 路径遍历漏洞 — perl-archive-zip 7.5 -2018-06-29
CVE-2018-3760 Sprockets 信息泄露漏洞 — Sprockets 7.5 -2018-06-26
CVE-2018-4861 Siemens SCALANCE M875 信息泄露漏洞 — SCALANCE M875 4.9 -2018-06-26
CVE-2018-0300 Cisco Firepower 4100 Series Next-Generation Firewall和Firepower 9300 Security Appliance 路径遍历漏洞 — Cisco Firepower 4100 Series Next-Generation Firewall and Firepower 9300 Security Appliance unknown 7.2 -2018-06-21
CVE-2018-1103 Red Hat Openshift Enterprise source-to-image 安全漏洞 — unsanitized paths in tar.go 6.5 -2018-06-12
CVE-2018-3758 express-cart 安全漏洞 — express-cart 7.2 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16083 node-simple-router 路径遍历漏洞 — node-simple-router node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16084 list-n-stream 路径遍历漏洞 — list-n-stream node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16085 tinyserver 路径遍历漏洞 — tinyserver2 node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16089 serverlyr 路径遍历漏洞 — serverlyr node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16090 fsk-server 路径遍历漏洞 — fsk-server node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16091 xtalk 路径遍历漏洞 — xtalk node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16092 Sencisho 路径遍历漏洞 — sencisho node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16093 cyberjs 路径遍历漏洞 — cyber-js node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16094 iter-http 路径遍历漏洞 — iter-http node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16095 serverliujiayi1 路径遍历漏洞 — serverliujiayi1 node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16096 serveryaozeyan 路径遍历漏洞 — serveryaozeyan node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16097 tiny-http 路径遍历漏洞 — tiny-http node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16101 serverwg 路径遍历漏洞 — serverwg node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16102 serverhuwenhui 路径遍历漏洞 — serverhuwenhui node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16103 serveryztyzt 路径遍历漏洞 — serveryztyzt node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16104 citypredict.whauwiller 路径遍历漏洞 — citypredict.whauwiller node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16105 serverwzl 路径遍历漏洞 — serverwzl node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16106 tmock 路径遍历漏洞 — tmock node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16107 pooledwebsocket 路径遍历漏洞 — pooledwebsocket node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16108 gaoxiaotingtingting 路径遍历漏洞 — gaoxiaotingtingting node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16109 easyquick 路径遍历漏洞 — easyquick node module 5.3 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16110 weather.swlyons 路径遍历漏洞 — weather.swlyons node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16120 liyujing 路径遍历漏洞 — liyujing node module 7.5 -2018-06-07

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3432 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.