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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3485

3485 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2020-15641 Marvell QConvergeConsole 路径遍历漏洞 — QConvergeConsole 7.5 -2020-08-25
CVE-2020-15643 Marvell QConvergeConsole 路径遍历漏洞 — QConvergeConsole 8.8 -2020-08-25
CVE-2020-15639 Marvell QConvergeConsole 路径遍历漏洞 — QConvergeConsole 9.8 -2020-08-25
CVE-2020-15640 Marvell QConvergeConsole 路径遍历漏洞 — QConvergeConsole 7.5 -2020-08-25
CVE-2020-16245 Advantech iView 路径遍历漏洞 — Advantech iView 9.8 -2020-08-25
CVE-2020-8227 Nextcloud 路径遍历漏洞 — Desktop Client 6.5 -2020-08-21
CVE-2020-8209 Citrix Systems XenMobile Server 路径遍历漏洞 — Citrix XenMobile Server 7.5 -2020-08-17
CVE-2020-15141 Path Traversal in openapi-python-client — openapi-python-client 3.0 Low2020-08-14
CVE-2020-8221 Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure 路径遍历漏洞 — Pulse Connect Secure 4.9 -2020-07-30
CVE-2020-8222 Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure 路径遍历漏洞 — Pulse Connect Secure 6.8 -2020-07-30
CVE-2020-14490 OpenClinic GA — OpenClinic GA 8.8 High2020-07-29
CVE-2020-5377 Dell EMC OpenManage Server Administrator 路径遍历漏洞 — Dell Open Manage Server Administrator 9.1 Critical2020-07-28
CVE-2020-15124 Path traversal in Goobi viewer Core — goobi-viewer-core 9.6 Critical2020-07-22
CVE-2016-7063 Pritunl-client 路径遍历漏洞 — pritunl-client-electron 8.8 -2020-07-21
CVE-2020-12499 PHOENIX CONTACT PLCnext Engineer version 2020.3.1 and earlier: Improper path sanitation vulnerability. — PLCnext Engineer 8.2 High2020-07-21
CVE-2020-8214 servey 路径遍历漏洞 — servey 7.5 -2020-07-20
CVE-2020-3401 Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software Path Traversal Vulnerability — Cisco SD-WAN vManage 6.5 -2020-07-16
CVE-2020-3381 Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software Directory Traversal Vulnerability — Cisco SD-WAN vManage 8.1 -2020-07-16
CVE-2020-14507 Advantech iView 路径遍历漏洞 — Advantech iView 9.8 -2020-07-15
CVE-2020-5366 Dell EMC iDRAC9 路径遍历漏洞 — Integrated Dell Remote Access Controller (iDRAC) 7.1 High2020-07-09
CVE-2020-3241 Cisco UCS Director Path Traversal Vulnerability — Cisco Unified Computing System (Management Software) 6.5 -2020-06-18
CVE-2020-3236 Cisco Enterprise NFV Infrastructure Software Path Traversal Vulnerability — Cisco Enterprise NFV Infrastructure Software 6.7 -2020-06-18
CVE-2020-4053 Path Traversal in Helm Plugin Archive — Helm 3.7 Low2020-06-16
CVE-2020-7497 Schneider Electric EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert 路径遍历漏洞 — EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert 3.1 Service Pack 1 and prior (formerly known as Vijeo XD) 9.8 -2020-06-16
CVE-2020-7495 Schneider Electric EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert 路径遍历漏洞 — EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert 3.1 Service Pack 1 and prior (formerly known as Vijeo XD) 5.5 -2020-06-16
CVE-2020-7494 Schneider Electric EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert 路径遍历漏洞 — EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert 3.1 Service Pack 1 and prior (formerly known as Vijeo XD) 7.8 -2020-06-16
CVE-2020-12003 多款Rockwell Automation产品路径遍历漏洞 — FactoryTalk Linx, RSLinx Classic, Connected Components Workbench, ControlFLASH Plus, FactoryTalk Asset Centre, FactoryTalk Linx CommDTM, Studio 5000 Launcher, Studio 5000 Logix Designer software 7.5 -2020-06-15
CVE-2020-6110 Zoom Client 路径遍历漏洞 — Zoom 8.8 -2020-06-08
CVE-2020-6109 Zoom Client 路径遍历漏洞 — Zoom 9.8 -2020-06-08
CVE-2020-8159 actionpack_page-caching gem 路径遍历漏洞 — https://github.com/rails/actionpack-page_caching 9.8 -2020-05-12

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3485 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.