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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3432

3432 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2026-33236 NLTK has a Downloader Path Traversal Vulnerability (AFO) - Arbitrary File Overwrite — nltk 8.1 High2026-03-20
CVE-2026-32733 Halloy has a file transfer path traveral vulnerability — halloy 9.1 -2026-03-20
CVE-2026-33476 SiYuan has an Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read via Path Traversal — siyuan 7.5 High2026-03-20
CVE-2026-33194 SiYuan has an Incomplete Fix for IsSensitivePath Denylist Allows File Read from /opt, /usr, /home — siyuan 6.8 Medium2026-03-20
CVE-2026-3864 CSI Driver for NFS path traversal via subDir may delete unintended directories on the NFS server — CSI Driver for NFS 6.5 Medium2026-03-20
CVE-2026-23536 Feast: unauthenticated arbitrary file read — Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) 7.5 High2026-03-20
CVE-2026-33171 Statamic has a path traversal in file dictionary fieldtype — cms 4.3 Medium2026-03-20
CVE-2026-33166 Allure Report has an Arbitrary File Read via Path Traversal in Attachment Processing (Allure 1, Allure 2, and XCTest Readers) — allure2 8.6 High2026-03-20
CVE-2026-32310 Cryptomator: Unverified masterkeyfile key IDs can access arbitrary local or UNC paths — cryptomator 4.1 Medium2026-03-20
CVE-2026-27625 Stirling-PDF Zip Slip: Arbitrary File Write via Path Traversal in Markdown-to-PDF ZIP Extraction — Stirling-PDF 8.1 High2026-03-20
CVE-2026-2421 ilGhera Carta Docente for WooCommerce <= 1.5.0 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Deletion via 'cert' Parameter — ilGhera Carta Docente for WooCommerce 6.5 Medium2026-03-20
CVE-2026-33054 Mesop: Path Traversal utilizing `FileStateSessionBackend` leads to Application Denial of Service and File Write/Deletion — mesop 10.0 Critical2026-03-20
CVE-2026-32938 SiYuan has an Arbitrary File Read in its Desktop Publish Service — siyuan 9.9 Critical2026-03-20
CVE-2026-32808 pyLoad: Arbitrary File Deletion via Path Traversal during Encrypted 7z Password Verification — pyload 8.1 High2026-03-20
CVE-2026-32711 pydicom: Path traversal in FileSet/DICOMDIR ReferencedFileID allows file access outside the File-set root — pydicom 7.8 High2026-03-20
CVE-2026-32771 Monitoring is vulnerable to Archive Slip due to missing checks in sanitization — monitoring 9.1 -2026-03-20
CVE-2026-32033 OpenClaw < 2026.2.24 - Path Traversal via @-prefixed Absolute Paths in Workspace Boundary Validation — OpenClaw 6.5 Medium2026-03-19
CVE-2026-32030 OpenClaw < 2026.2.19 - Sensitive File Disclosure via stageSandboxMedia Path Traversal — OpenClaw 7.5 High2026-03-19
CVE-2026-32026 OpenClaw < 2026.2.24 - Arbitrary File Read via Improper Temporary Path Validation in Sandbox — OpenClaw 6.5 Medium2026-03-19
CVE-2026-32007 OpenClaw < 2026.2.23 - Sandbox Bypass in apply_patch Tool via Workspace-Only Check Bypass — OpenClaw 6.8 Medium2026-03-19
CVE-2026-32750 SiYuan importStdMd: unvalidated localPath imports arbitrary host directories as persistent notes — siyuan 6.8 Medium2026-03-19
CVE-2026-32747 SiYuan: Incomplete sensitive path blocklist in globalCopyFiles allows reading /proc and Docker secrets — siyuan 6.8 Medium2026-03-19
CVE-2026-25928 OpenEMR Vulnerable to Path Traversal When Zipping DICOM Folders — openemr 6.5 Medium2026-03-19
CVE-2026-32805 Romeo is vulnerable to Archive Slip due to missing checks in sanitization — romeo 8.8 -2026-03-18
CVE-2025-15031 Path Traversal Vulnerability in mlflow/mlflow — mlflow/mlflow 7.8 -2026-03-18
CVE-2026-32731 ApostropheCMS has Arbitrary File Write (Zip Slip / Path Traversal) in Import-Export Gzip Extraction — import-export 10.0 Critical2026-03-18
CVE-2026-27523 OpenClaw < 2026.2.24 - Sandbox Bind Validation Bypass via Symlink-Parent Missing-Leaf Paths — OpenClaw 6.1 Medium2026-03-18
CVE-2026-27522 OpenClaw < 2026.2.24 - Arbitrary File Read via sendAttachment and setGroupIcon Message Actions — OpenClaw 6.5 Medium2026-03-18
CVE-2026-22171 OpenClaw < 2026.2.19 - Path Traversal in Feishu Media Temporary File Naming — OpenClaw 8.2 High2026-03-18
CVE-2026-32981 Ray Dashboard <= 2.8.0 Path Traversal Leading to Local File Disclosure — Ray 7.5 High2026-03-17

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3432 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.