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CWE-20 (输入验证不恰当) — Vulnerability Class 3320

3320 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-20 (输入验证不恰当). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-20 represents a critical software weakness where applications fail to properly verify the integrity, format, or type of incoming data before processing it. This oversight allows attackers to inject malicious payloads, such as SQL injection strings or cross-site scripting code, which can bypass security controls and compromise system integrity. Exploitation typically occurs when untrusted data from external sources, like user forms or network packets, is treated as executable code or trusted input. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation strategies, including strict type checking, length constraints, and allow-listing acceptable characters. Additionally, employing parameterized queries and output encoding ensures that even if validation fails, the injected data remains inert, thereby preserving application security and preventing unauthorized execution or data exposure.

MITRE CWE Description
The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly. Input validation is a frequently-used technique for checking potentially dangerous inputs in order to ensure that the inputs are safe for processing within the code, or when communicating with other components. Input can consist of: raw data - strings, numbers, parameters, file contents, etc. metadata - information about the raw data, such as headers or size Data can be simple or structured. Structured data can be composed of many nested layers, composed of combinations of metadata and raw data, with other simple or structured data. Many properties of raw data or metadata may need to be validated upon entry into the code, such as: specified quantities such as size, length, frequency, price, rate, number of operations, time, etc. implied or derived quantities, such as the actual size of a file instead of a specified size indexes, offsets, or positions into more complex data structures symbolic keys or other elements into hash tables, associative arrays, etc. well-formedness, i.e. syntactic correctness - compliance with expected syntax lexical token correctness - compliance with rules for what is treated as a token specified or derived type - the actual type of the input (or what the input appears to be) consistency - between individual data el…
Common Consequences (3)
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, DoS: Resource Consumption (CPU), DoS: Resource Consumption (Memory)
An attacker could provide unexpected values and cause a program crash or arbitrary control of resource allocation, leading to excessive consumption of resources such as memory and CPU.
ConfidentialityRead Memory, Read Files or Directories
An attacker could read confidential data if they are able to control resource references.
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityModify Memory, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
An attacker could use malicious input to modify data or possibly alter control flow in unexpected ways, including arbitrary command execution.
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and DesignConsider using language-theoretic security (LangSec) techniques that characterize inputs using a formal language and build "recognizers" for that language. This effectively requires parsing to be a distinct layer that effectively enforces a boundary between raw input and internal data representations, instead of allowing parser code to be scattered throughout the program, where it could be subjec…
Architecture and DesignUse an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
Architecture and Design, ImplementationUnderstand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter the product, including but not limited to: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may b…
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Effectiveness: High
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server. Even though clien…
Examples (2)
This example demonstrates a shopping interaction in which the user is free to specify the quantity of items to be purchased and a total is calculated.
... public static final double price = 20.00; int quantity = currentUser.getAttribute("quantity"); double total = price * quantity; chargeUser(total); ...
Bad · Java
This example asks the user for a height and width of an m X n game board with a maximum dimension of 100 squares.
... #define MAX_DIM 100 ... /* board dimensions */ int m,n, error; board_square_t *board; printf("Please specify the board height: \n"); error = scanf("%d", &m); if ( EOF == error ){ die("No integer passed: Die evil hacker!\n"); } printf("Please specify the board width: \n"); error = scanf("%d", &n); if ( EOF == error ){ die("No integer passed: Die evil hacker!\n"); } if ( m > MAX_DIM || n > MAX_DIM ) { die("Value too large: Die evil hacker!\n"); } board = (board_square_t*) malloc( m * n * sizeof(board_square_t)); ...
Bad · C
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2025-68667 Conduit-derived homeservers are affected by a Confused Deputy and Improper Input Validation issue — continuwuity 5.3AIMediumAI2025-12-23
CVE-2025-59886 Eaton xComfort ECI 安全漏洞 — Eaton xComfort ECI 8.8 High2025-12-23
CVE-2025-59301 Modbus/TCP Dos Vulnerability in DVP15MC11T — DVP15MC11T 4.0 Medium2025-12-22
CVE-2025-68398 Weblate has git config file overwrite vulnerability that leads to remote code execution — weblate 9.1 Critical2025-12-18
CVE-2025-67493 Homarr issing input sanitization and possible privilege escalation through ldap search query injection — homarr 7.5 High2025-12-17
CVE-2025-20393 Cisco Secure Email Gateway and Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager Remote Command Execution Vulnerability — Cisco Secure Email 10.0 Critical2025-12-17
CVE-2025-58173 FreshRSS vulnerable to authenticated RCE via path traversal inside include() — FreshRSS 8.8AIHighAI2025-12-15
CVE-2025-14156 Fox LMS – WordPress LMS Plugin 1.0.4.7 - 1.0.5.1 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation via 'createOrder' — Fox LMS – WordPress LMS Plugin 9.8 Critical2025-12-15
CVE-2025-9207 TI WooCommerce Wishlist <= 2.10.0 - Unauthenticated HTML Injection — TI WooCommerce Wishlist 5.3 Medium2025-12-13
CVE-2025-66451 LibreChat's Improper Input Validation in Prompt Creation API Enables Unauthorized Permission Changes — LibreChat 4.3AIMediumAI2025-12-11
CVE-2025-64993 Command Injection in 1E-ConfigMgrConsoleExtensions Instructions — DEX 6.8 Medium2025-12-11
CVE-2025-64992 Command Injection in 1E-Nomad-PauseNomadJobQueue Instruction — DEX 6.8 Medium2025-12-11
CVE-2025-64991 Command Injection in 1E-PatchInsights-Deploy Instruction — DEX 6.8 Medium2025-12-11
CVE-2025-64990 Command Injection in 1E-Explorer-TachyonCore-LogoffUser Instruction — DEX 6.8 Medium2025-12-11
CVE-2025-64989 Command Injection in 1E-Explorer-TachyonCore-FindFileBySizeAndHash Instruction — DEX 7.2 High2025-12-11
CVE-2025-64988 Command Injection in 1E-Nomad-GetCmContentLocations Instruction — DEX 7.2 High2025-12-11
CVE-2025-64987 Command Injection in 1E-Explorer-TachyonCore-CheckSimpleIoC Instruction — DEX 7.2 High2025-12-11
CVE-2025-64986 Command Injection in 1E-Explorer-TachyonCore-DevicesListeningOnAPort Instruction — DEX 7.2 High2025-12-11
CVE-2025-46266 Unauthenticated Transmission of Data in NomadBranch.exe — DEX 4.3 Medium2025-12-11
CVE-2025-44016 File Hash Validation Bypass in NomadBranch.exe — DEX 8.8 High2025-12-11
CVE-2025-12687 Denial-of-Service Vulnerability in NomadBranch.exe — DEX 6.5 Medium2025-12-11
CVE-2025-61812 ColdFusion | Improper Input Validation (CWE-20) — ColdFusion 8.4 High2025-12-09
CVE-2025-61809 ColdFusion | Improper Input Validation (CWE-20) — ColdFusion 9.1 Critical2025-12-09
CVE-2025-61822 ColdFusion | Improper Input Validation (CWE-20) — ColdFusion 6.2 Medium2025-12-09
CVE-2025-62455 Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.8 High2025-12-09
CVE-2025-64666 Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 23 7.5 High2025-12-09
CVE-2025-62571 Windows Installer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.8 High2025-12-09
CVE-2025-12946 Improper input validation in NETGEAR Nighthawk routers — RS700 9.0AICriticalAI2025-12-09
CVE-2025-12945 Improper input validation in NETGEAR Nighthawk router R7000P — R7000P 7.2AIHighAI2025-12-09
CVE-2025-2296 Un-verified kernel bypass Secure Boot mechanism in direct boot mode — EDK2 7.8AIHighAI2025-12-09

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-20 (输入验证不恰当) represent 3320 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.