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CWE-125 (跨界内存读) — Vulnerability Class 2965

2965 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-125 (跨界内存读). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-125, Out-of-bounds Read, is a memory safety weakness where software accesses memory locations outside the designated buffer boundaries, either before its start or past its end. This vulnerability typically arises from insufficient bounds checking during array indexing or pointer arithmetic, allowing attackers to read sensitive data such as stack canaries, cryptographic keys, or internal application state. By leveraging this flaw, adversaries can achieve information disclosure or potentially facilitate further exploitation techniques like heap spraying. Developers mitigate this risk by implementing rigorous input validation, utilizing static analysis tools to detect unsafe memory access patterns, and adopting safer programming languages or libraries that enforce automatic bounds checking. Additionally, employing compiler protections like Address Sanitizer during development helps identify these errors early, ensuring that memory reads remain strictly within allocated limits to prevent unauthorized data exposure.

MITRE CWE Description
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Common Consequences (4)
ConfidentialityRead Memory
An attacker could get secret values such as cryptographic keys, PII, memory addresses, or other information that could be used in additional attacks.
ConfidentialityBypass Protection Mechanism
Out-of-bounds memory could contain memory addresses or other information that can be used to bypass ASLR and other protection mechanisms in order to improve the reliability of exploiting a separate weakness for code execution.
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
An attacker could cause a segmentation fault or crash by causing memory to be read outside of the bounds of the buffer. This is especially likely when the code reads a variable amount of data and assumes that a sentinel exists to stop the read operation, such as a NUL in a string.
OtherVaries by Context
The read operation could produce other undefined or unexpected results.
Mitigations (2)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignUse a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
Examples (2)
In the following code, the method retrieves a value from an array at a specific array index location that is given as an input parameter to the method
int getValueFromArray(int *array, int len, int index) { int value; // check that the array index is less than the maximum // length of the array if (index < len) { // get the value at the specified index of the array value = array[index]; } // if array index is invalid then output error message // and return value indicating error else { printf("Value is: %d\n", array[index]); value = -1; } return value; }
Bad · C
... // check that the array index is within the correct // range of values for the array if (index >= 0 && index < len) { ...
Good · C
In the following C/C++ example the method processMessageFromSocket() will get a message from a socket, placed into a buffer, and will parse the contents of the buffer into a structure that contains the message length and the message body. A for loop is used to copy the message body into a local character string which will be passed to another method for processing.
int processMessageFromSocket(int socket) { int success; char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]; char message[MESSAGE_SIZE]; // get message from socket and store into buffer //Ignoring possibliity that buffer > BUFFER_SIZE if (getMessage(socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE) > 0) { // place contents of the buffer into message structure ExMessage *msg = recastBuffer(buffer); // copy message body into string for processing int index; for (index = 0; index < msg->msgLength; index++) { message[index] = msg->msgBody[index]; } message[index] = '\0'; // process message success = processMessage(message); } return success; }
Bad · C
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2021-40723 Acrobat Reader DC Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium2023-09-07
CVE-2021-43027 Adobe After Effects TIF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — After Effects 7.8 High2023-09-07
CVE-2021-43751 Adobe Premiere Pro MP4 File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Premiere Pro 3.3 Low2023-09-07
CVE-2021-36060 Adobe Media Encoder MPEG File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Media Encoder 5.5 Medium2023-09-06
CVE-2023-4778 Out-of-bounds Read in gpac/gpac — gpac/gpac 7.1 -2023-09-05
CVE-2023-28543 Out of Bounds read in SNPE Library — Snapdragon 8.1 High2023-09-05
CVE-2023-41051 Default functions in VolatileMemory trait lack bounds checks in vm-memory — vm-memory 2.5 Low2023-09-01
CVE-2023-4721 Out-of-bounds Read in gpac/gpac — gpac/gpac 7.1 -2023-09-01
CVE-2023-40576 Out-Of-Bounds Read in FreeRDP — FreeRDP 5.3 Medium2023-08-31
CVE-2023-40575 Out-Of-Bounds Read in FreeRDP — FreeRDP 5.3 Medium2023-08-31
CVE-2023-40188 Out-Of-Bounds Read in FreeRDP — FreeRDP 5.3 Medium2023-08-31
CVE-2023-40181 Integer-Underflow leading to Out-Of-Bound Read in FreeRDP — FreeRDP 5.3 Medium2023-08-31
CVE-2023-39356 Missing offset validation leading to Out-of-Bounds Read in FreeRDP — FreeRDP 5.3 Medium2023-08-31
CVE-2023-39353 Missing offset validation leading to Out Of Bound Read in FreeRDP — FreeRDP 5.3 Medium2023-08-31
CVE-2023-39354 FreeRDP Out-Of-Bounds Read in nsc_rle_decompress_data — FreeRDP 5.9 Medium2023-08-31
CVE-2023-3646 On affected platforms running Arista EOS with mirroring to multiple destinations configured, an internal system error may trigger a kernel panic and cause system reload. — EOS 5.9 Medium2023-08-29
CVE-2023-3425 CVE-2023-3425: Out-of-Bounds memory read — M-Files Server 6.5 Medium2023-08-25
CVE-2023-4042 Ghostscript: incomplete fix for cve-2020-16305 — Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 5.5 Medium2023-08-23
CVE-2023-39986 Out-of-bounds Read Vulnerability in Hitachi EH-VIEW (Designer) — EH-VIEW 7.8 High2023-08-23
CVE-2023-39984 Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer Vulnerability in Hitachi EH-VIEW (KeypadDesigner) — EH-VIEW 7.8 High2023-08-23
CVE-2023-39396 HUAWEI EMUI 代码问题漏洞 — HarmonyOS 7.5 -2023-08-13
CVE-2023-38229 ZDI-CAN-21310: Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Font Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader 7.8 High2023-08-10
CVE-2023-38236 ZDI-CAN-21247: Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Font Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium2023-08-10
CVE-2023-38235 ZDI-CAN-21356: Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Font Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium2023-08-10
CVE-2023-38232 ZDI-CAN-21357: Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Font Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium2023-08-10
CVE-2023-38248 ZDI-CAN-21494: Adobe Acrobat Reader DC PDF Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium2023-08-10
CVE-2023-38244 ZDI-CAN-21371: Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Font Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium2023-08-10
CVE-2023-38247 ZDI-CAN-21449: Adobe Acrobat Reader DC PDF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium2023-08-10
CVE-2023-38237 ZDI-CAN-21244: Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Font Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium2023-08-10
CVE-2023-38242 ZDI-CAN-21387: Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Font Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium2023-08-10

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-125 (跨界内存读) represent 2965 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.