CVE-2025-54887 PoC — jwe: Missing AES-GCM authentication tag validation in encrypted JWEs

Title:jwe: Missing AES-GCM authentication tag validation in encrypted JWEs (CVE-2025-54887)
Description:jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk because JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value, decrypted by observing parsing differences and the GCM internal GHASH key can be recovered. Users are affected by this vulnerability even if they do not use an AES-GCM encryption algorithm for their JWEs. As the GHASH key may have been leaked, users must rotate the encryption keys after upgrading. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.1.

Proof of Concept for CVE-2025-54887

# PoC_CVE-2025-54887

This repository contains Proof-of-Concept (PoC) exploit for CVE-2025-54887.

This is a vulnerability in ruby-jwe (version <= 1.1.0) where the authentication tag of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs.

**Writeup:**  [blog_link](https://medium.com/@5ing4m1404/poc-cve-2025-54887-ruby-jwe-authentication-tag-can-be-brute-forced-cd28176492bc) \
**Demonstration video:** [video_link](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mAqC5OC9X6ktyDYTiW2jqSV0ys93QIa8/view?usp=sharing)

 [4.0K]  /data/pocs/2c6b613e2e4e9b50a7fd5d779f5a17876fb60ad7
├── [ 870]  exploit.rb
├── [2.1K]  forge-jwe.rb
├── [1.1K]  LICENSE
└── [ 571]  README.md

0 directories, 4 files