Critical Vulnerability Information Affected Product: Online Voting System Vendor Homepage: https://itsourcecode.com/free-projects/php-project/online-voting-system-project-in-php-with-source-code/ Affected Version: V1.0 Vulnerability Type: SQL injection Root Cause: - In the file, the parameter is not properly sanitized or validated, and is directly used in SQL queries. This allows attackers to forge input values, manipulate SQL queries, and perform unauthorized operations. Impact: - Attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to access the database without authorization, leading to sensitive data leakage, data tampering, system compromise, and service disruption, thereby threatening system security and business continuity. Vulnerability Description and POC: - The vulnerability resides in the parameter within the file, allowing injection of malicious SQL queries. Below is an example POC: - Screenshots from testing and execution using the sqlmap tool demonstrate the specific vulnerability verification process. Recommended Remediation Measures: 1. Use Prepared Statements and Parameter Binding: Prepared statements separate SQL code from user input data, preventing SQL injection. 2. Input Validation and Filtering: Strictly validate and filter user input data to ensure it conforms to expected formats. 3. Minimize Database User Privileges: Restrict the privileges of database connection accounts, avoiding the use of high-privilege accounts for routine operations. 4. Regular Security Audits: Conduct regular code and system security audits to promptly identify and fix potential security vulnerabilities.