CVE-2026-31656— drm/i915/gt: fix refcount underflow in intel_engine_park_heartbeat
Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1AI
T1211 · Exploitation for StealthAffected Version Matrix 16
| Vendor | Product | Version Range | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux | 058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa< 70d3e622b10092fc483e28e57b4e8c49d9cc7f68 | affected |
058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa< 8ce44d28a84fd5e053a88b04872a89d95c0779d4 | affected | ||
058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa< ca3f48c3567dd49efdc55b80029ae74659c682ee | affected | ||
058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa< a00e92bf6583d019a4fb2c2df7007e6c9b269ce7 | affected | ||
058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa< 2af8b200cae3fdd0e917ecc2753b28bb40c876c1 | affected | ||
058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa< 455d98ed527fc94eed90406f90ab2391464ca657 | affected | ||
058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa< 4c71fd099513bfa8acab529b626e1f0097b76061 | affected | ||
5.5 | affected | ||
| … +8 more rows | |||
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-31656
Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
drm/i915/gt: fix refcount underflow in intel_engine_park_heartbeat
Source: NVD (National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/i915/gt: fix refcount underflow in intel_engine_park_heartbeat A use-after-free / refcount underflow is possible when the heartbeat worker and intel_engine_park_heartbeat() race to release the same engine->heartbeat.systole request. The heartbeat worker reads engine->heartbeat.systole and calls i915_request_put() on it when the request is complete, but clears the pointer in a separate, non-atomic step. Concurrently, a request retirement on another CPU can drop the engine wakeref to zero, triggering __engine_park() -> intel_engine_park_heartbeat(). If the heartbeat timer is pending at that point, cancel_delayed_work() returns true and intel_engine_park_heartbeat() reads the stale non-NULL systole pointer and calls i915_request_put() on it again, causing a refcount underflow: ``` <4> [487.221889] Workqueue: i915-unordered engine_retire [i915] <4> [487.222640] RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x68/0xb0 ... <4> [487.222707] Call Trace: <4> [487.222711] <TASK> <4> [487.222716] intel_engine_park_heartbeat.part.0+0x6f/0x80 [i915] <4> [487.223115] intel_engine_park_heartbeat+0x25/0x40 [i915] <4> [487.223566] __engine_park+0xb9/0x650 [i915] <4> [487.223973] ____intel_wakeref_put_last+0x2e/0xb0 [i915] <4> [487.224408] __intel_wakeref_put_last+0x72/0x90 [i915] <4> [487.224797] intel_context_exit_engine+0x7c/0x80 [i915] <4> [487.225238] intel_context_exit+0xf1/0x1b0 [i915] <4> [487.225695] i915_request_retire.part.0+0x1b9/0x530 [i915] <4> [487.226178] i915_request_retire+0x1c/0x40 [i915] <4> [487.226625] engine_retire+0x122/0x180 [i915] <4> [487.227037] process_one_work+0x239/0x760 <4> [487.227060] worker_thread+0x200/0x3f0 <4> [487.227068] ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10 <4> [487.227075] kthread+0x10d/0x150 <4> [487.227083] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 <4> [487.227092] ret_from_fork+0x3d4/0x480 <4> [487.227099] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 <4> [487.227107] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 <4> [487.227141] </TASK> ``` Fix this by replacing the non-atomic pointer read + separate clear with xchg() in both racing paths. xchg() is a single indivisible hardware instruction that atomically reads the old pointer and writes NULL. This guarantees only one of the two concurrent callers obtains the non-NULL pointer and performs the put, the other gets NULL and skips it. (cherry picked from commit 13238dc0ee4f9ab8dafa2cca7295736191ae2f42)
Source: NVD (National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source: NVD (National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: NVD (National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于intel_engine_park_heartbeat中引用计数下溢，可能导致释放后重用。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Affected Products
II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-31656
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|---|
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Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2026-04-24 · 138 CVEs total
| CVE-2026-31637 | 9.8 CRITICAL | rxrpc: reject undecryptable rxkad response tickets |
| CVE-2026-31536 | 9.8 CRITICAL | smb: server: let send_done handle a completion without IB_SEND_SIGNALED |
| CVE-2026-31589 | 9.8 CRITICAL | mm: call ->free_folio() directly in folio_unmap_invalidate() |
| CVE-2026-31669 | 9.8 CRITICAL | mptcp: fix slab-use-after-free in __inet_lookup_established |
| CVE-2026-31668 | 9.8 CRITICAL | seg6: separate dst_cache for input and output paths in seg6 lwtunnel |
| CVE-2026-31649 | 9.8 CRITICAL | net: stmmac: fix integer underflow in chain mode |
| CVE-2026-31633 | 9.8 CRITICAL | rxrpc: Fix integer overflow in rxgk_verify_response() |
| CVE-2026-31607 | 9.8 CRITICAL | usbip: validate number_of_packets in usbip_pack_ret_submit() |
| CVE-2026-31608 | 9.8 CRITICAL | smb: server: avoid double-free in smb_direct_free_sendmsg after smb_direct_flush_send_list |
| CVE-2026-31609 | 9.8 CRITICAL | smb: client: avoid double-free in smbd_free_send_io() after smbd_send_batch_flush() |
| CVE-2026-31657 | 9.8 CRITICAL | batman-adv: hold claim backbone gateways by reference |
| CVE-2026-31659 | 9.8 CRITICAL | batman-adv: reject oversized global TT response buffers |
| CVE-2026-31636 | 9.1 CRITICAL | rxrpc: fix RESPONSE authenticator parser OOB read |
| CVE-2026-31588 | 8.8 HIGH | KVM: x86: Use scratch field in MMIO fragment to hold small write values |
| CVE-2026-31570 | 8.8 HIGH | can: gw: fix OOB heap access in cgw_csum_crc8_rel() |
| CVE-2026-31622 | 8.8 HIGH | NFC: digital: Bounds check NFC-A cascade depth in SDD response handler |
| CVE-2026-31558 | 8.8 HIGH | LoongArch: KVM: Make kvm_get_vcpu_by_cpuid() more robust |
| CVE-2026-31553 | 8.8 HIGH | KVM: arm64: Fix the descriptor address in __kvm_at_swap_desc() |
| CVE-2026-31629 | 8.8 HIGH | nfc: llcp: add missing return after LLCP_CLOSED checks |
| CVE-2026-31611 | 8.6 HIGH | ksmbd: require 3 sub-authorities before reading sub_auth[2] |
Showing top 20 of 138 CVEs. View all on vendor page → →
IV. Related Vulnerabilities
Same product: Linux
- CVE-2026-46300
net: skbuff: preserve shared-frag marker during coalescing - CVE-2026-43503
net: skbuff: propagate shared-frag marker through frag-trans - CVE-2026-43502
net/rds: handle zerocopy send cleanup before the message is - CVE-2026-43501
ipv6: rpl: reserve mac_len headroom when recompressed SRH gr - CVE-2026-43498
accel/ivpu: Disallow re-exporting imported GEM objects
Same vendor: Linux
- CVE-2026-46300
net: skbuff: preserve shared-frag marker during coalescing - CVE-2026-43503
net: skbuff: propagate shared-frag marker through frag-trans - CVE-2026-43502
net/rds: handle zerocopy send cleanup before the message is - CVE-2026-43501
ipv6: rpl: reserve mac_len headroom when recompressed SRH gr - CVE-2026-43498
accel/ivpu: Disallow re-exporting imported GEM objects
V. Comments for CVE-2026-31656
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