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CWE-639 (通过用户控制密钥绕过授权机制) — Vulnerability Class 1073

1073 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-639 (通过用户控制密钥绕过授权机制). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-639 represents an authorization bypass weakness where systems fail to validate that a user is permitted to access a resource identified by a user-controlled key. Attackers typically exploit this by manipulating identifiers, such as changing a numeric user ID in a URL or API parameter, to retrieve or modify another user’s private data. This insecure direct object reference allows unauthorized access without requiring authentication bypasses. Developers prevent this vulnerability by implementing robust server-side authorization checks that verify the requesting user’s permissions against the requested resource, rather than trusting client-supplied identifiers. Additionally, using indirect references or opaque tokens instead of predictable, sequential keys can mitigate the risk of enumeration and unauthorized access attempts.

MITRE CWE Description
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data. Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user. It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system. For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value. One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Common Consequences (3)
Access ControlBypass Protection Mechanism
Access control checks for specific user data or functionality can be bypassed.
Access ControlGain Privileges or Assume Identity
Horizontal escalation of privilege is possible (one user can view/modify information of another user).
Access ControlGain Privileges or Assume Identity
Vertical escalation of privilege is possible if the user-controlled key is actually a flag that indicates administrator status, allowing the attacker to gain administrative access.
Mitigations (3)
Architecture and DesignFor each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Architecture and Design, ImplementationMake sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Architecture and DesignUse encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
Examples (1)
The following code uses a parameterized statement, which escapes metacharacters and prevents SQL injection vulnerabilities, to construct and execute a SQL query that searches for an invoice matching the specified identifier [1]. The identifier is selected from a list of all invoices associated with the current authenticated user.
... conn = new SqlConnection(_ConnectionString); conn.Open(); int16 id = System.Convert.ToInt16(invoiceID.Text); SqlCommand query = new SqlCommand( "SELECT * FROM invoices WHERE id = @id", conn); query.Parameters.AddWithValue("@id", id); SqlDataReader objReader = objCommand.ExecuteReader(); ...
Bad · C#
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2023-44154 Acronis Cyber Protect 安全漏洞 — Acronis Cyber Protect 15 9.1 -2023-09-27
CVE-2023-4934 IDOR in Usta AYBS — AYBS 8.8 High2023-09-27
CVE-2023-4213 Simplr Registration Form Plus+ <= 2.4.5 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary User Password Change — Simplr Registration Form Plus+ 8.8 High2023-09-13
CVE-2023-41368 Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in S4 HANA (Manage checkbook apps) — S4 HANA ABAP (Manage checkbook apps) 2.7 Low2023-09-12
CVE-2023-4587 Insecure direct object reference in ZKTeco ZEM800 — ZEM800 8.3 High2023-09-04
CVE-2023-2173 BadgeOS <= 3.7.1.6 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary Post Deletion — BadgeOS 6.5 Medium2023-08-31
CVE-2023-2172 BadgeOS <= 3.7.1.6 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary Post Title Overwrite — BadgeOS 4.3 Medium2023-08-31
CVE-2023-0689 Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder <= 3.3.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Information Disclosure via 'mf_first_name' shortcode — MetForm – Contact Form, Survey, Quiz, & Custom Form Builder for Elementor 4.3 Medium2023-08-31
CVE-2023-38201 Keylime: challenge-response protocol bypass during agent registration — Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 6.5 Medium2023-08-25
CVE-2023-32078 Netmaker IDOR Vulnerability Allows User to Update Other User's Password — netmaker 7.5 High2023-08-24
CVE-2023-2958 IDOR in ATS Pro — ATS Pro 9.8 Critical2023-07-17
CVE-2023-3700 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in alextselegidis/easyappointments — alextselegidis/easyappointments 6.3 Medium2023-07-17
CVE-2023-2190 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitLab — GitLab 6.5 Medium2023-07-13
CVE-2023-3105 LearnDash LMS <= 4.6.0 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary User Password Change — LearnDash LMS 8.8 High2023-07-12
CVE-2023-30956 IDOR in Foundry Comments allows retrieval of attachments — com.palantir.comments:comments 5.3 Medium2023-07-10
CVE-2023-30960 Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) in Foundry job-tracker — com.palantir.foundry.jobtracker:job-tracker 4.3 Medium2023-07-10
CVE-2023-37242 Huawei HarmonyOS 安全漏洞 — HarmonyOS 9.8 -2023-07-06
CVE-2023-3063 SP Project & Document Manager <= 4.67 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary User Password Change — SP Project & Document Manager 8.8 High2023-06-30
CVE-2023-23679 WordPress JS Help Desk – Best Help Desk & Support Plugin Plugin <= 2.7.7 is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) — JS Help Desk 4.6 Medium2023-06-23
CVE-2023-26428 Open-Xchange OX App Suite 安全漏洞 — OX App Suite 6.5 Medium2023-06-20
CVE-2023-34000 WordPress WooCommerce Stripe Payment Gateway Plugin <= 7.4.0 is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) — WooCommerce Stripe Payment Gateway 7.5 High2023-06-14
CVE-2023-3048 IDOR in TMT's Lockcell — Lockcell 9.8 Critical2023-06-13
CVE-2023-0692 Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder <= 3.3.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Information Disclosure via 'mf_payment_status' shortcode — MetForm – Contact Form, Survey, Quiz, & Custom Form Builder for Elementor 4.3 Medium2023-06-09
CVE-2023-1889 Directorist <= 7.5.4 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary Post Deletion in listing_task — Directorist: AI-Powered Business Directory, Listings & Classified Ads 6.5 Medium2023-06-09
CVE-2023-0691 Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder <= 3.3.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Information Disclosure via mf_last_name shortcode — MetForm – Contact Form, Survey, Quiz, & Custom Form Builder for Elementor 4.3 Medium2023-06-09
CVE-2023-0688 Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder <= 3.3.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Information Disclosure via mf_thankyou shortcode — MetForm – Contact Form, Survey, Quiz, & Custom Form Builder for Elementor 6.5 Medium2023-06-09
CVE-2023-0693 Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder <= 3.3.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Information Disclosure via 'mf_transaction_id' shortcode — MetForm – Contact Form, Survey, Quiz, & Custom Form Builder for Elementor 6.5 Medium2023-06-09
CVE-2023-0694 Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder <= 3.3.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Information Disclosure via mf shortcode — MetForm – Contact Form, Survey, Quiz, & Custom Form Builder for Elementor 6.5 Medium2023-06-09
CVE-2023-0985 Helmholz and MB Connect Line: Account takeover via password reset in multiple products — mbCONNECT24 8.8 High2023-06-06
CVE-2023-32310 DataEase API interface has IDOR vulnerability — dataease 8.1 High2023-06-01

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-639 (通过用户控制密钥绕过授权机制) represent 1073 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.