CWE-538 (文件和路径信息暴露) — Vulnerability Class 77

CWE-538 represents a critical data exposure weakness where applications inadvertently store sensitive information in files or directories accessible to unauthorized actors. This vulnerability typically arises when developers fail to enforce strict access controls on storage locations, allowing individuals with basic file system permissions to read confidential data such as credentials, session tokens, or personal identifiable information. Attackers exploit this by navigating to the exposed directory and extracting the unprotected files, often bypassing application-level security measures entirely. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement robust file permission settings, ensuring that sensitive data is stored in restricted directories accessible only to the application process. Additionally, employing encryption for data at rest and utilizing secure, temporary storage mechanisms can prevent unauthorized access, thereby maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of critical information against external threats.