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CWE-285 (授权机制不恰当) — Vulnerability Class 986

986 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-285 (授权机制不恰当). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-285 represents a critical access control weakness where an application fails to verify whether a user possesses the necessary permissions to access a specific resource or execute a particular action. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by manipulating request parameters, such as changing user IDs in URLs or API calls, to bypass security checks and access data belonging to other users or perform administrative tasks. This often leads to severe data breaches or unauthorized system modifications. To prevent such flaws, developers must implement robust, centralized authorization mechanisms that consistently validate user privileges for every sensitive operation. Relying solely on client-side checks is insufficient; instead, server-side enforcement using role-based or attribute-based access control ensures that only authenticated and authorized entities can interact with protected resources, thereby maintaining strict integrity and confidentiality.

MITRE CWE Description
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Common Consequences (3)
ConfidentialityRead Application Data, Read Files or Directories
An attacker could read sensitive data, either by reading the data directly from a data store that is not properly restricted, or by accessing insufficiently-protected, privileged functionality to read the data.
IntegrityModify Application Data, Modify Files or Directories
An attacker could modify sensitive data, either by writing the data directly to a data store that is not properly restricted, or by accessing insufficiently-protected, privileged functionality to write the data.
Access ControlGain Privileges or Assume Identity, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
When access control checks are not applied consistently - or not at all - an attacker could gain privileges and execute unauthorized code or commands by modifying or reading critical data directly, or by accessing insufficiently-protected, privileged functionality.
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and DesignDivide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries. Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Architecture and DesignEnsure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Architecture and DesignFor web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page. One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests …
System Configuration, InstallationUse the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
Examples (2)
This function runs an arbitrary SQL query on a given database, returning the result of the query.
function runEmployeeQuery($dbName, $name){ mysql_select_db($dbName,$globalDbHandle) or die("Could not open Database".$dbName); //Use a prepared statement to avoid CWE-89 $preparedStatement = $globalDbHandle->prepare('SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name = :name'); $preparedStatement->execute(array(':name' => $name)); return $preparedStatement->fetchAll(); } /.../ $employeeRecord = runEmployeeQuery('EmployeeDB',$_GET['EmployeeName']);
Bad · PHP
The following program could be part of a bulletin board system that allows users to send private messages to each other. This program intends to authenticate the user before deciding whether a private message should be displayed. Assume that LookupMessageObject() ensures that the $id argument is numeric, constructs a filename based on that id, and reads the message details from that file. Also ass…
sub DisplayPrivateMessage { my($id) = @_; my $Message = LookupMessageObject($id); print "From: " . encodeHTML($Message->{from}) . "<br>\n"; print "Subject: " . encodeHTML($Message->{subject}) . "\n"; print "<hr>\n"; print "Body: " . encodeHTML($Message->{body}) . "\n"; } my $q = new CGI; # For purposes of this example, assume that CWE-309 and # CWE-523 do not apply. if (! AuthenticateUser($q->param('username'), $q->param('password'))) { ExitError("invalid username or password"); } my $id = $q->param('id'); DisplayPrivateMessage($id);
Bad · Perl
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2023-29338 Visual Studio Code Spoofing Vulnerability — Visual Studio Code 6.6 Medium2023-05-09
CVE-2023-28318 Rocket.Chat 授权问题漏洞 — Rocket.Chat--2023-05-09
CVE-2023-28317 Rocket.Chat 授权问题漏洞 — Rocket.Chat 5.3 -2023-05-09
CVE-2023-2534 Information disclouse and DoS via websocket push events — OTRS 7.6 High2023-05-08
CVE-2023-21505 SAMSUNG Mobile devices 安全漏洞 — Samsung Core Service 4.0 Medium2023-05-04
CVE-2023-30467 Improper Authorization Vulnerability in Milesight Network Video Recorder (NVR) — NVR MS-Nxxxx-xxG 7.5 High2023-04-28
CVE-2023-2345 SourceCodester Service Provider Management System improper authorization — Service Provider Management System 6.3 Medium2023-04-27
CVE-2023-2227 Improper Authorization in modoboa/modoboa — modoboa/modoboa 5.4 -2023-04-21
CVE-2023-28973 Junos OS Evolved: The 'sysmanctl' shell command allows a local user to gain access to some administrative actions — Junos OS Evolved 7.1 High2023-04-17
CVE-2022-3748 Improper authorization that can lead to account impersonation — Access Management 9.8 Critical2023-04-14
CVE-2023-26466 Pegasystem PEGA Platform 安全漏洞 — RPA: Synchronization Engine 7.1 -2023-04-10
CVE-2023-28634 GLPI vulnerable to Privilege Escalation from Technician to Super-Admin — glpi 8.8 High2023-04-05
CVE-2023-0665 Vault PKI Issuer Endpoint Did Not Correctly Authorize Access to Issuer Metadata — Vault 6.5 Medium2023-03-30
CVE-2022-3787 device-mapper-multipath 安全漏洞 — device-mapper-multipath 7.8 -2023-03-29
CVE-2022-3685 SDM600 software privilege level — SDM600 7.5 High2023-03-28
CVE-2022-3686 SDM600 API permission check — SDM600 4.8 Medium2023-03-28
CVE-2022-3683 SDM600 API web services authorization validation — SDM600 7.7 High2023-03-28
CVE-2022-40208 Moodle 安全漏洞 — Moodle 4.3 -2023-03-24
CVE-2023-27594 Cilium vulnerable to potential network policy bypass when routing IPv6 traffic — cilium 4.2 Medium2023-03-17
CVE-2023-21452 SAMSUNG Mobile Devices 安全漏洞 — Samsung Mobile Devices 3.3 Low2023-03-16
CVE-2023-21454 SAMSUNG Mobile Devices 安全漏洞 — Samsung Mobile Devices 2.4 Low2023-03-16
CVE-2023-21461 SAMSUNG Mobile Devices 安全漏洞 — Samsung Mobile Devices 4.0 Medium2023-03-16
CVE-2022-46752 Dell BIOS 安全漏洞 — CPG BIOS 4.6 Medium2023-03-08
CVE-2023-0734 Improper Authorization in wallabag/wallabag — wallabag/wallabag--2023-03-05
CVE-2023-1164 KylinSoft kylin-activation File Import improper authorization — kylin-activation 8.4 High2023-03-03
CVE-2023-20088 Cisco Finesse Reverse Proxy VPN-less Access to Finesse Desktop Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco Unified Contact Center Enterprise 5.3 Medium2023-03-03
CVE-2023-22636 Fortinet FortiWeb 安全漏洞 — FortiWeb 6.6 High2023-02-27
CVE-2023-0914 Improper Authorization in pixelfed/pixelfed — pixelfed/pixelfed 7.1 -2023-02-19
CVE-2023-0822 Improper Authorization — DIAEnergie 8.8 High2023-02-17
CVE-2022-38375 Fortinet FortiNAC 安全漏洞 — FortiNAC 8.6 Critical2023-02-16

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-285 (授权机制不恰当) represent 986 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.